化工四大化学(专业)流体力学(课堂讲义).ppt

* 6. Main factors that influenced the condensation process Key factors for film-type condensation are film thickness and its flow condition. * Vertical tube horizontal tube (1) Temperature difference (2) Physical properties of fluids (3) Velocity and direction of vapor flow (4) Wall condition: roughness (5) Tube array * (6) Existence of noncondensing gas FIGURE 11.1 Single-pass tubular condenser non-condensed gas vent * CHAPTER 13Heat Transfer to Fluids with Phase Change * Content 13.1 Heat Transfer from Condensing Vapors 13.2 Heat Transfer to Boiling Liquids * heat transfer accompanied by phase change include: Heat Transfer from Condensing Vapors ( Vapor-Liquid(drop) phase change) Heat Transfer to Boiling Liquids (Liquid-Vapor(bubble) phase change) Crystallization (Chapter 27) (Liquid-Solid(crystal) phase change) * 13.1 Heat Transfer from Condensing Vapors 1. Dropwise and film-type condensation 2. Coefficients for film-type condensation 3. Practical use of Nusselt equations ☆ 4. Condensation of superheated vapors ☆ 5. Condensation of mixed vapors 6. Main factors that influenced the condensation process * Condensation is met in unit operations: evaporation (蒸发) distillation（蒸馏） drying （干燥） The condensing vapor may consist of : a single substance a mixture of condensable and noncondensable substances a mixture of two or more condensable vapors * 1. Dropwise and film-type condensation Two condensing ways on a cold surface Dropwise滴状 film type膜状 vapor/steam vapor/steam Cold wall Cold wall Direction of heat flow * 2. Coefficients for film-type condensation First derived by Nusselt. Basic assumption: (1)vapor and liquid at the outside boundary of the liquid layer are in thermodynamic equilibrium (2)condensate flows downward in laminar flow (3)liquid velocity at the wall is zero * Basic assumption: (4)liquid velocity at the outside of the film is not influenced by vapor velocity (5)temperatures of the wall and the v