Chap_03相互依存与贸易的好处(PPT59).pptVIP

Interdependence and the Gains from Trade相互依存与贸易的好处 Chapter 3 Interdependence and Trade Consider your typical day: You wake up to an alarm clock made in Korea. You pour yourself some orange juice made from oranges grown in Florida. You put on some clothes made of cotton grown in Georgia and sewn in factories in Thailand. You watch the morning news broadcast from New York on your TV made in Japan. You drive to class in a car made of parts manufactured in a half-dozen different countries. …and you haven’t been up for more than two hours yet! 相互依存与贸易 看看你的每天日常生活: 早晨被产于韩国的闹钟叫醒； 给自己倒了一杯佛罗里达产的橘子轧成的橘子汁； 穿上用佐治亚生产的棉花而在泰国缝制的衣服； 从日本产的电视上看纽约播放的新闻节目； 你开着用来自全世界十几个国家生产的部件组装的汽车去上学。 …这些事只是发生在你的不到两个小时的生活中。 How do we satisfy our wants and needs in a global economy? We can be economically self-sufficient. We can specialize and trade with others, leading to economic interdependence. 在世界经济范围内，我们如何满足自己的欲望和需要？ 我们可以在经济上自给自足。 我们可以进行专业化分工，并与他人进行贸易，从而形成经济上相互依存的关系。 A Parable for the Modern Economy Imagine . . . only two goods: potatoes and meat only two people: a potato farmer and a cattle rancher What should each produce? Why should they trade? 一个现代经济学寓言 设想 . . . 只有两种商品: 土豆和牛肉 只有两个人: 农场主和牧场主 每个人应该生产什么? 他们为什么应该交易? The Production Opportunities of the Farmer and the Rancher 农场主和牧场主的生产机会 Self-Sufficiency By ignoring each other: Each consumes what they each produce. The production possibilities frontier is also the consumption possibilities frontier. Without trade, economic gains are diminished. 自给自足 不考虑相互交易: 每个人消费的就是他所生产的。 生产可能性边界也是消费可能性边界。 没有贸易，经济利益就会减少。 Production Possibilities Frontiers 生产可能性边界 Production Possibilities Frontiers 生产可能性边界 The Farmer and the Rancher Specialize and Trade Each would be better off if they specialized in producing the product they are more suited to produce, and then trade with each other. Table 2 The Gains from Trade: A Summary 表 2 . 贸易的好处: 总结 Table 2 The Gains from Trade: A Summary 表 2 . 贸易的好处: 总结 The Principle of Comparative Advantage Who