藏药“渣驯”来源及使用现状考证探究.docVIP

藏药“渣驯”来源及使用现状考证探究 　　[摘要] 该文对渣驯来源进行国内外文献考证，采用民族药用植物学调查方法对渣驯进行产地调研、关键人物访谈、实物收集和考据；结果表明渣驯来源国内主要为“矿源说”、“粪源说”、“猴子月?血说”，国外有“生物化石说”、“植物分泌物说”等；采访产地村民、采集者、藏医、药材商、国外学者共计18人，收集渣驯及代用品45批，鉴定认为正品为古籍所载“铁”类渣驯，代用品为粪粒黏结团块；根据现场勘测与文献研究认为“生物化石来源说”更符合岩层中渣驯来源实质。由此，该文认为渣驯是由岩层中有机生物化石渗出后与鼯鼠、鼠兔粪便的混合产物，亟需建立渣驯分级标准以评价药材质量，同时有必要进一步明确粪粒代用品用药合理性，该研究为渣驯品种整理、正本清源及质量标准研究打下了基础 [关键词] 渣驯；来源；本草考证；使用现状；调查；生物化石 [Abstract] In this article the classics textual research to the origin of “Zha-xun” was carried out，the ethnobotanical research methods，the origin of visits，key informant interviews，sample collection and textual research were applied in the research. The results showed that the hypothesis of Zha-xun”s origin mainly included “source of mine”，”source of feces”，”source of monkey menstrual blood” in China. There were “source of fossil”，”source of the plant secretion” abroad. The authors had interviewed the villagers at origin，herbalists，Tibetan doctors，herb dealers，foreign scholars for a total of 18 people，and collecting 45 batches medicinal materials. According to ancient Tibetan classics textual and Tibetan medicine doctors′ views，medicinal materials were divided into the genuine and the substitutes. The genuine was identified as ancient so-called “iron” type “Zha-xun”，and the substitute was fecal pellet bonding briquette. According to the field survey and literature research，”source of fossil” more in line with substance of Zha-xun was derived from the rock. As the results，the author believed that Zha-xun was the mixture of organic fossils from the rock seepage with flying squirrel，pika feces. So it is needed to be set up Zha-xun classification standard to evaluate the quality of medicinal materials. Meanwhile，it was necessary to further clarify fecal pellet substitute rationality. Above all，this article clarified the status of the use of Tibetan medicine-”Zha-xun”，and laid the foundation of species systematics and quality standards research of “Zha-xun”. [Key words] Zha-xun；source；classics te