Aircraft Icing 飞机积冰.pptVIP

Aircraft Icing US-China Aviation Cooperation Program (ACP) Embry-Riddle Training Frederick Mosher Part I: Icing Impacts on Aircraft Performance What factors affect the buildup of ice on aircraft? How does the buildup of ice affect the plane’s performance? What can you do to minimize the impact of icing on your airplane? Rime Icing Small droplets with trapped air. Clear Icing Larger droplets with little trapped air. Mixed Icing Mixed drop size distribution. Icing Type Frequency of Occruance Big Jets Icing Medium Size Aircraft Icing Small Airplane Icing Research Aircraft Icing Meteorological Factors Affecting Ice Accumulation Liquid Water Content (LWC) (More water relates to more icing) Air Temperature (Temperature influences how fast the droplets freeze) Effective Droplet Diameter (larger droplets take longer to freeze and will roll back on wings) Aerodynamic Factors Affecting Ice Accumulation Air Speed (faster speed impacts more droplets) Angle of attack (where on wings ice accumulates) Airfoil shape (variable icing effects) Airfoil size (smaller wings ice more) Time spent in icing conditions (ice builds up with exposure time) Icing Simulation After Roselawn crash NASA-Lewis (now NASA-Glenn Research Center) developed software to simulate the effects of icing on aircraft. Icing increases parasitic drag and decreases lift, resulting in degradation of aircraft performance. Icing Accumulation Program Developed by NASA-LewisCases run by Don McCann (AWC Forecaster) Icing in Cloud ConditionsPPI is Percent Power Increase required to maintain speed. PPI is an indication of effect of icing on aircraft performance. Increasing LWC in cloud Increasing LWC Even More Effect of LWC on Icing Intensity Effect of Temperature on Icing Intensity Effect of Droplet Diameter on Icing Slow Airplane Faster Airplane Fast Airplane Gets More Icing Effect of Aircraft Speed Zero Angle of Attack 8 Degree Angle of Attack Effect of Angle of Attack Small Wing-Major Icing Larger Wing-Less