Android系统的基本组成.docVIP

Application Fundamentals(应用程序基本原理) Android applications are written in the Java programming language. The compiled Java code — along with any data and resource files required by the application — is bundled by the?aapt?tool?into an?Android package, an archive file marked by an?.apk?suffix. This file is the vehicle for distributing the application and installing it on mobile devices; its the file users download to their devices. All the code in a single?.apk?file is considered to be one?application. In many ways, each Android application lives in its own world: By default, every application runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the applications code needs to be executed, and shuts down the process when its no longer needed and system resources are required by other applications. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so application code runs in isolation独立的?from the code of all other applications. By default, each application is assigned a unique Linux user ID. Permissions are set so that the applications files are visible only to that user and only to the application itself — although there are ways to export them to other applications as well.(默认情况下每个应用程序分配唯一的一个linux user ID. 应用程序中的文件，只对于user和应用程序本身是完全许可的——但是也有许多方式去export他们给其他的应用程序) Its possible to arrange for two applications to share the same user ID, in which case they will be able to see each others files. To conserve system resources, applications with the same ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process, sharing the same VM(2个应用程序共享同一个User ID 是可以的，这种情况下，双方可以看到对方的文件。拥有相同ID的系统文件，应用程序，运行在同一个Linux进程中，共享同一个VM) Application Components(应用程序组件) A central feature of Android is that one application can make use of elements of other applications (provided those applications permit it). Android一个核心功能是,一个应用程序能够使用其他应用程序可用的元素(前提是那些应用程序允许).For example, if your application needs to display a scrolling list of images and another application has developed a suitable(匹配的) scrolle