民国时期国人对公共卫生建设的认识_张泰山.pdfVIP

民国时期国人对公共卫生建设的认识 张泰 山 (湖北师范学院 历史文化学院,湖北黄石 ) 435002 摘 要:民国时期国人对公共卫生建设的认识是:一、从防治疫病、保障民族健康、发展社会经济、提高国 家地位与声誉等角度认识到公共卫生建设重要性;二、从国情与公共卫生建设内部要素的关联性提出了公共 卫生建设的方针,并从公共卫生的性质与应办事项的角度对公共卫生建设的目的和内容进行了阐述;三、认识 到当时进行公共建设在社会经济、卫生观念、政治组织、人才与科学技术等方面存在的困难因素;四、从提倡西 医、卫生教育、人才培养、卫生经费、卫生技术与设备、社会建设同步性、社会共同参与性、国际合作等方面阐述 了从事公共卫生建设的方法和手段。这些认识虽有局限性,但也具有积极的历史作用与现实借鉴意义。 关键词:民国时期;公共卫生;认识 中图分类号: 文献标识码: 文章编号: ( ) K258 A 1005-605X200805-0046-09 ’ PeoplesunderstandingaboutthesanitationconstructionduringtheeraoftheRepublicofChina ZHANGTai-shan ( ) SchoolofHistoryandCulture,HubeiNormalUniversity,Huangshi435002,China ’ Abstract:ThisarticleinvestigatespeoplesunderstandingduringtheeraoftheRepublicofChinaaboutthesanitationcon- structionfromfouraspects.First,peoplerealizedtheimportanceofsanitationconstructionfrompreventingandcuringdiseases, ’ guaranteeingnationshealth,developingeconomy,andimprovingthestatusandcreditofcountry.Second,theybroughtforward ’ thepoliciesaccordingtothecountryssituation,andexpatiatedthetargetsandcontentsoftheconstructionaccordingtothena- tureofsanitation.Third,theyrealizeditsdifficultyinthesocialeconomy,sanitationconcept,politicalorganization,talentedper- sonsandscienceandtechnology.Fourth,theyexpoundeditsmethodsandinstrumentsfromsuchaspectsasadvocatingWestern medicine,healtheducation,trainingoftalents,healthcapital,sanitationtechnologyandequipment,synchronizationofsocialcon- struction,socialparticipation,andinternationalcooperation.Theseunderstandings,thoughlimited,havepositivehistoricaleffects andare