中国文化概览纵横家ppt.ppt

* What is the School of Diplomacy? Su Qin and Zhang Yi Horizontal and Vertical Influence contents 1 2 3 4 Part 第一章 one What is the School of Diplomacy? According to the Book of Han（《汉书》）, the school was one of the Nine Schools of Thought (Chinese: 九流; pinyin: Ji? Liú). The School of Diplomacy (simplified Chinese: 纵横家; traditional Chinese: 纵横家; pinyin: Zōng héng Jiā), or School of Vertical and Horizontal Alliances was a political and diplomatic clique during the Warring States period of Chinese history (476-220 BCE). The disputing phase between the dukes provided a stage for the Political Strategists to act. The breakthrough in culture provided the ideological foundation to bring forth the Political Strategists. According to the Han Fei Zi（《韩非子》）, a contemporary work on Legalist Philosophy, supporters of Vertical Alliance encourage the weak multitude to attack the one strong side whilst the Horizontal Alliance promote the one strong side attacking the weak multitude. They are all fickle and capricious, change sides frequently and are unable to decide who their master is. Part 第二章 two Su Qin and Zhang Yi Su Qin（苏秦） and Zhang Yi（张仪） were the students of Guiguzi（鬼谷子） Although they had the same teacher, their political views were completely different. Su Qin served as the six-county prime minister, and combined the six countries to fight against the coutry of Qin. However Zhang Yi was the prime minister of Qin.What Zhang Yi had to do was to destroy the six-nation coalition. Su Qin was the vertical, and Zhang Yi was the horizontal. Finally Su Qin failed. Part 第三章 there Horizontal and Vertical Zong indicates the He Zong（合纵）, or Vertical Alliance, the weak multitude against the one strong side, made up of the six states of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei united against Qin. Heng indicates the Lian Heng（连横）, or Horizontal Alliance, the one strong side to smash the weak multitude, thus illustrating the different diplomatic policies of the two sides. “苏秦为纵，张仪为