视频与动画基本概念.ppt

基本概念 人是用眼睛来观看图像和动画的，人眼的自然特性决定了视频系统的一些重要特性。 Basic Concepts The human eye views pictures and motion pictures. The immanent properties of the eye determine, in connection with neuronal processing, some essential conditions related to video systems. 视频信号表示 普通的黑白电视机中，视频信号是显示在CRT(阴极射线管)上的。电子束携带了诸如场景光强这样的信息。 Video Signal Representation In conventional black-and-white TV sets, the video signal is displayed using a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube). An electron beam carries corresponding pattern information, such as intensity in a viewed scene. 视频信号的表现包括三个方面:视觉表现、传输与数字化。 Video signal representation includes three aspects: the visual representation, transmission and digitalization. （1）视觉表现 ⑴垂直分辨率与观察距离 电视上图像的几何状受到电视画面宽高比的影响。我们称这个比为宽高比(aspect ratio),这个比一般是4/3=1.33。图5.1为宽高比的示意图。 （1） Visual Representation (1) Vertical Detail and Viewing Distance The geometry of the field occupied by the television image is based on the ratio of the picture width W to height H. It is called aspect ratio. The conventional aspect ratio is 4/3=1.33. Figure 5.1 shows an example of aspect ratio. 观察距离D决定了画面高度的比值D/H衡量。 The viewing distance D determines the angle h subtended by the picture height. This angle is usually measured by the ratio of the viewing distance to the picture height (D/H). 图像中的最小单位是像素。 理想情况下，每个像素都能表示场景中的一定信息，但实际上有些细节信息存在于两根扫描线之间，因此这样的像素需要两条扫描线来描述，从而使得垂直分辨率有所损失。 测试结果显示所有扫描线只能表示大约70%的垂直细节信息。 这个比率称为 Kell 因子，它与扫描线紧凑程度有直接关系，即扫描线是一条紧挨眷着一条紧挨着一条(累进式扫描)还是一条隔一条(隔行扫描)。 The smallest detail that can be reproduced in the image is a pixel. Ideally, each detail of the scene would be reproduced by one pixel. Practically, however, some of the details in the scene inevitably fall between scanning lines, so that two lines are required for such picture elements. Thus, some vertical resolution is lost. Measurements of this effect show that only about 70% of the vertical detail is presented by the scanning lines. The ratio is known as the Kell factor; it applies irresp