循迹里程实训报告.docxVIP

实训说明书题目：里程循迹小车系别： 机电工程系 专业：机械电子学生姓名： 吴金帅 学号： 1453200134 题目类型：理论研究实验研究工程设计工程技术研究软件开发2015年 12 月 24日摘要随着素质教育的越来越被重视，很多学校都把制作智能小车作为首选课题，智能小车生动有趣还牵涉到机械结构、电子基础、传感器原理、自动控制甚至单片机编程等诸多学科知识，学生通过动手实践能大大提高解决实际问题的能力，而且智能小车还是一个很好的硬件平台，只要增加一些控制电路就能完成循迹小车、救火机器人、足球机器人、避障机器人、遥控汽车等课题。在白色的场地上有一条16毫米宽的黑色跑道，我们的循迹小车能沿着黑色跑道自动行驶，不管是跑道如何弯曲小车都能自动行驶真是太神奇了!大家知道当光源射到白色物体和黑色物体上时的反光率是不同的，我们这里用红色的LED作为光源，光线通过地面反射到光敏电阻上通过检测光敏电阻阻值变化能判断小车是否行驶在白色区域上，如果检测到是黑色跑道，说明小车跑偏，这一侧的电机就会减速甚至停转这一侧的绿色的LED熄灭，驱动小车向相反方向行驶，这样小车就能始终沿着跑道行驶了。里程器。利用74LS192和74LS48的功能，结合数码管的显示功能，这样我们就可以实现计数的功能了。当小车车轮在循迹的时候，车轮每转过一圈，计数器自动加一，这时候利用的是霍尔元件和磁铁给74LS192一个上升沿。最终就可以实现循迹小车的里程计算。关键词：循迹小车，里程器，74LS192，74LS448，数码管Pick toWith the quality education is paid more and more attention, many schools are the smart car as the preferred subject, the smart car lively and interesting but also involves the mechanical structure, electronic based, sensor, automatic control and microcontroller programming knowledge of many disciplines such as, students through operation practice can greatly improve the ability to solve practical problems, and smart car or a good hardware platform, as long as the increase in some control circuit can complete tracking car, fire fighting robot, robot soccer, avoid obstacle robot, remote control cars and other topics.There is a 16 mm wide runway black on white ground, we can tracking the car along the black runway automatically, regardless of how the car can automatically track bending driving is really amazing! You know when the light shot to the anti light rate is different when black white objects and objects, we here the red LED as the light source, the light reflecting from the ground to the photosensitive resistance by detecting the change of the photosensitive resistor can determine whether the car traveling in the white area, if detected is black runway, that car side, this side of the motor will slow down or even stop the side of the green LED is off, dri