我国砌体结构抗震的经验与展望.doc

我国砌体结构抗震的经验与展望 湖北工业大学土建学院, 武汉 430068 ［摘要］ 砌体结构抗震历来颇受人们争议，但面对我国国情，量大面广的砌体结构房屋还将继续在各地建造，面临的抗震问题将无法回避。在经过几代人的努力下认真总结出的系统、宝贵的经验，为指导我国砌体结构抗震指明了方向，并在此基础上采取的一系列对策作为我国技术法规的依据，被证明是合理的和有效的。总结的十项主要震害规律和六项技术对策，既是个人感受也是参与我国建筑抗震设计规范数十年来的切身经历和体会，抛砖引玉，愿与业内同行共同为提高我国砌体结构的抗震水平而努力。 ［关键词］ 砌体结构； 抗震措施； 经验；设计规范；约束砌体； 配筋砌体 Experiences and future of earthquake-resisting of the masonry structure in China WANG Ming-meng 0910612111 School of civil engineering and architecture, HUBEI university of technology, Wuhan 430068 Abstract: The masonry structure has always been agitating the dispute on its performance of earthquake-resisting． However，the construction of more buildings of masonry structure will be continued in China due to the state＇s condition，which will cause the unavoidable problem of earthquake-resisting． The systematic and valuable experiences concluded with the efforts of generations indicate the guidance for the earthquake-resisting of masonry structures． And a series of policies are adopted as the basis of technological regulations in China，which are proved to be reasonable and effective． The author summarizes his experiences of dozens of years in compiling Chinese codes for seismic design of buildings into ten essential earthquake damages and six technological countermeasures，and hopes to pay more efforts with the colleagues to enhance earthquake-resisting of masonry structures in China． Keywords: masonry structure; earthquake-resisting; experiment; design code; constraint masonry; reinforced masonry 0 引言 “秦砖汉瓦”曾是我国几千年来的传统建筑结构材料。新中国成立初期开始的大规模城市建设也是以砖混结构形式为主的。在改革开放前的建筑材料中砌体几乎占到90%。因此，砌体结构在我国不但历史悠久，而且应用数量很广，不论在城市和村镇都占有绝对优势。 砌体材料的地方性、经济性和可操作性，使其具有广泛的应用空间，不论是在民用和工业建筑中都有其适用之处。即使时至今日，城市建设中出现大量高层或超高层建筑，钢筋混凝土、钢结构和钢骨混凝土结构等新材料的涌现，使城市面貌日新月异。但是，在中、小城市，在多层和低层建筑范围内，仍然大量地采用着各种砌体材料，有黏土制品，也有工业废料制成的新型砌体材料，以及如混凝土砌块和混凝土砖一类的砌体材料，根据最新统计它们仍占有70% 以上的建造面积。在我国，各类砌体结构的建筑仍将是一种主要的建筑形式，所以砌体结构抗震的