湖泊沉降--英文.pdfVIP

SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AND CONCENTRATIONS OF SPHEROIDAL CARBONACEOUS FLY-ASH PARTICLES (SCPs) IN LAKE SEDIMENTS AS AN AID TO DETECTING LOCALLY DEPOSITED ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION JORUNN LARSEN Department of Botany, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway (e-mail: Jorunn.Larsen@bot.uib.no; Fax: (+47) 55 58 96 67) (Received 5 March 2002; accepted 20 May 2003) Abstract. Size distributions and concentrations of spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles (SCPs) 5 µm have been counted in surface sediments from 20 lakes along a 62 km west-east transect in the Bergen area, Norway. Increased concentrations of SCPs are found in lakes immediately downwind, closest to the city. These lakes also have a dominance of larger particles ( 10 µm) than further downwind where smaller particles (5–10 µm) dominate. The pattern of SCPs 5 µm is compared with a previous study of anthropogenic Pb and SCPs 3 µm in the same sediments. Along the transect there is a difference in pattern between the concentrations of SCPs 5 µm and the patterns of anthropogenic Pb and SCPs 3 µm. The result indicates that increased altitude and rainfall probably explain the increased concentrations of anthropogenic Pb and SCPs 3µm in the eastern part of the transect. Metals are in the size range for which atmospheric residence times are greatest, whereas particles 5 µm in diameter are of the size thought to be effectively removed from the atmosphere by sedimentation. This may explain, at least partially, why there is a difference between the pattern of SCPs 5 µm concentrations and anthropogenic Pb and SCPs 3 µm concentrations. This study shows that SCPs 5 µm in lake sediments can potentially provide a better signal of locally-deposited atmospheric pollution than trace elements from the same source. A SCP distribution