第一二讲：Introductiontotranslation.pptVIP

jennywanzhang@163.com 张婉 Jenny 40%+60% 40% Attendance Two tests Class performance Assignments An Overview on Translation Contents Definitions?of?translation Scope?of?translation Translation history Criteria of translation Process of translation Prerequisites for translators Key terms of translating What’s translation? 唐朝(618-907)贾公彦《义疏》“译即易， 为换易言语使相解也”? 宋代(960-1279)法云(1088-1158)《翻译名义集》“夫翻译者，谓翻梵天之语转成汉地之言。音虽似别，义则大同.” Translation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text from one language into another language, of an equivalent text that communicates the same message. Eugene A. Nida Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 翻译,?是在译语中用切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。首先是意义, 其次是文体。? Translating is only the transformation process among variable cultures. Its Starting Point and End-result lies in not only transformation of languages but also transformation of national cultures and moods. Peter Newmark Translation serves as a means of communication, a transmit of culture, a technique of language learning and a source of personal pleasure. 翻译是一种交际手段，文化的媒介，外语学习的方法和个人快乐的源泉。? Translation - with time and access to resources such as dictionaries - There is a very high standard of accuracy for translation Interpretation usually takes place on the spot with the clients present deals with utterances (although the source language may be a text). Major Waves of Translation in China 1) 佛经翻译: 从东汉开始至唐宋，1000余年（支谦、道安，鸠摩罗什、真谛、玄奘） 草创时期（东汉桓帝末年到西晋） 发展时期（东晋到隋） 全盛时期 （唐代） 基本结束时期 （北宋） 我国翻译起源 2000年历史（公元前2年） 公元148年（东汉桓帝）：安世高 佛经翻译家 鸠摩罗什 中国翻译史上主张全面意译第一人。 佛经翻译家 玄 奘 “既须求真，又须喻俗。” 2）明末清初：西方科技翻译 徐光启/利玛窦:《几何原本》 3）清朝后期: 西方哲学、文学翻译 林纾： 《巴黎茶花女遗事》 《黑奴呼天录》 《块肉余生述》 《王子复仇记》 《贼史》 4）五四时期 五四”运动是分水岭；重要人物有鲁迅、瞿秋白、林语堂、朱生豪等 鲁迅的译作约占他全部作品的一半: 苏联、日本、荷兰、匈牙利、美国等许多国家的作家作品。 瞿秋白、梁实秋—文学、政治、哲学 Criteria of Translation In China: 严复：信达雅 (faithfulness, expressiveness, a