沅水流域外来入侵植物调查分析.docVIP

沅水流域外来入侵植物调查分析 　　摘要：通过实地调查和整理分析文献资料，对沅水流域外来入侵植物的种类、原产地、入侵途径、危害程度等进行了分析。结果表明，①沅水流域入侵植物有65种，隶属于21科，以菊科、苋科和禾本科为优势科，分别占入侵植物总种数的24.6%、10.8%和9.2%。②入侵植物中原产美洲的有43种，占总数的66.2%；其次是欧洲的有14种，占总数的21.5%；亚洲、非洲、澳洲等地区有10种，占总数的15.4%。③沅水流域入侵植物中有意引入有27种，占入侵植物总数的41.5%；无意引入有31种，占入侵植物总数的47.7%；自然传入有7种，占入侵植物总数的10.8%。④65种外来入侵植物中严重入侵类9种，占入侵植物总数的13.8%；局部入侵类25种，占入侵植物总数的38.5%；一般入侵类19种，占入侵植物总数的29.2%；观察名单类12种，占入侵植物总数的18.5% 关键词：沅水流域；入侵植物；调查分析 中图分类号：S45 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）07-1267-02 DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.07.016 Investigation and Analysis on Alien Invasive Plants in Yuanshui Basin DU Yun-an， BU Hong-feng， LI Hai-fei， PENG You-lin （Changde Vocational Technical College， Changde 415000， Hunan， China） Abstract： Through field investigation and literature analysis，the species，origin，invasion pathway and damage degree of alien invasive plants in Yuanshui basin were analyzed. The results showed that，①65 species of invasive plants belonging to 21 families had been found in Yuanshui basin，among them，Compositae，Amaranthaceae and Gramineae were the dominant families，which accounted for 24.6%，10.8% and 9.2% of total invasive species.②43 species of invasive plants were native to America，accounting for 66.20% of total species respectively. 14 species of invasive plants were native to Europe，accounting for 21.5% of the total，and 10 species were native to Asia， Africa， Australia and other regions，accounting for 15.4% of total species.③In Yuanshui basin，27 species of invasive plants were intentionally introduced，accounting for 41.5% of total invasive plants.31 species were introduced unintentionally，accounting for 47.7% of total invasive plants，and 7 species were introduced naturally，accounting for 10.8% of total invasive plants.④In 65 species of invasive plants，there were 9 serious invasive species，25 local invasive species，19 general invasive species，and 12 species waiting for further observation，accounting for 14%，38%，29%，19% of total invasive plants respectively. Key