词汇的升格和降格.pptxVIP

The destiny of Lady 1. Lady——高贵的代名词 2.Our Lady——圣母玛利亚 holy 3.Lady——上层社会的女性《My Fair Lady》 4. Lady——对一般女性的称呼 saleslady, cleaning lady 5. Lady——女性公共厕所的代称ladies’ room 6. Lady—A keeper and producer of women for men to use for sexual purposes. 　 　—Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary（CCELD） Elevation and Degradation of Meaning Manner of the evolution 1.Giving up the original meaning E.g.: minister, knight, ambassador, nice, Villain 2.Keeping the original meaning a change in the range of the word elevation (degradation) of meaning E.g.: inn, peasant ，boor， Wench…… The Elevation of Meaning Definition words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. Sth low , humble , unpleasant sth noble , agreeable , pleasant minister Old: a servant New: the head of a state department The Minister of Education 教育部长 Cabinet minister 内阁部长 inn A small hotel ,usually in the country Holiday Inn knight Old: boy servant nobility  ambassador Old : a messenger New: an official who lives in a foreign country as a representative there of his/her own country Nice Ignorant foolish delightful、pleasant Degradation of Meaning It is a process whereby words of good origin or affective neutrality fall into ill reputation or come to be used in a derogatory sense. 这是一个词由原先表示中性意义或褒义转为表示贬义的过程。 Silly: blessed、happy innocent foolish Sad: full、satisfied、contented clam serious gloomy sorrowful Wench: country Girl, young woman prostitute（hooker） Hussy: housewife 轻佻的女人，荡妇 Villain(村民) bad person 坏人 Peasant(农民) 粗野无知的人 Boor(农民) 粗鲁的人，不懂礼貌的人 The changers in the meaning are gradual , and words are not changed in a day. ‘Knight’, which in Old English meant servant or lad has been progressively undergoing change with elevation of meaning till it ahs come to mean a nobleman with a title. 在