语言学lecture 3 semantics (I).ppt

* Antonyms of this type refer to those which are not absolutely opposite, their meanings are gradable. Degrees: there are often intermediate forms between these two extreme forms. They often have comparative and superlative forms. Very modification: They can be modified by “Very” 3. Criterion: there is no absolute criterion and the criterion varies with the object described. Denial of the one is not the necessarily ascertain of another 4. cover term: the term for the higher degree. If the covered is used, then it suggests that there is something unusual. The speaker may already know that somebody/something is young, small, near and he wants to know the extent in greater detail. * They are complementary to each other. They divide up the whole of this type. 2. Criterion: Absolute norm. It does not vary with the thing a word is applied to. 3. Cover term: No cover term for the two members of a pair. 4. Very modification: Words of this type can not be modified by “very” True: false is an exception to the complementary antonyms. . * Orchid: 兰花 Lily: 百合花 Peony[5piEni]: 牡丹、芍药 Tulip[5tju:lip] : 郁金香 Super-ordinate: 上坐标词 Hyponym: 下坐标词 Cohyponym: 同下义词 Lecture 3 semantics （I） 2014-03-16 Part I review and exercises Language is structured. Sound phonetics Sounds phonology Word morphology Words/sentence syntax Meaning semantics Meaning in a context pragmatics Research tasks 1. How do you understand the various understandings about language? 2. Some people say that humans and dogs can communicate with each other. Do you agree? 3. You can tell your cat to lie down. What do you think has happened? Research tasks 4. Identify the functions of the following sentences: 1) I like your house very much. 2) I now declare the meeting closed. 3) Nice to meet you. 4) I met Mary in the library this morning. 5. What’s yo