第六讲：词义 的引申、褒贬与增补.ppt

第六讲：词义引申、褒贬与增补 目　　录 一、词语的引申和褒贬 １抽象化引申 　2 具体化引申 3 词义的褒贬 二、词语的增加 1 词义增词 　 2 结构增词 3 篇章增词 4 知识增词 5 其他增加 Exercises and Assignments  词义引申、褒贬与增补 在翻译时往往遇到这样的情况：有些词按其字面意义来翻译，或不能确切表达原文意思，或译文生硬晦涩，引起误解。因此在翻译中有的词语需要在其所具有的基本词义的基础上加以引申，选择比较恰当的词语来表达；有的则需要增补词语才能使译文流畅。 1 词语的引申 1.1 抽象化引申 　　 英语中有不少比喻形象性的说法，或由于汉语中没有对应的比喻形象，或由于翻译成汉语时难以理解，往往需要通过抽象化，加以引申，用笼统的说法来表达，才能把原意较贴切地翻译出来。 ?将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.  帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。 ?2) Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜和苦。 将带有特征性形象的词译为该形象所代表的概念的词 1) In fact the Bavarian environment was so charged with Nazi sentiment throughout the?????????  1920s that Hitlers storm troops goosestepped into power in Furth in 1930... ?事实上，在整个二十年代，纳粹党在巴伐利亚一带已博得公众的好感，以至于在一九三O年，希特勒的冲锋队员就耀武扬威地夺取了菲尔特镇的权力。 2) See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous ,the news for the next four weeks?was never distinct. 在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。 More Examples 1）He organs of the Establishment, however well-intentioned they may be, have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked. 各种权利机构，可能是好意，为了自己的既得利益而设法保证社会不出现激烈的动荡。 2）.. . which, though they go through the motions of dispute and inquiry, do not break through the skin to where such inquires might really hurt. 写出的文章走不痛不痒的，不触及到问题的实质，虽然也装模作样地搞些辩论和调查。 3）For some，the expense of an away－from—home college education has become so excessive1y great that many students now attend loca1 schools.） Even after graduation, young peop1e find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs. 甚至大学毕业后，年青人发现，曲于房租猛涨，他们想搬出去住，但翅膀硬不起来。 4）In country after country， talk of nonsmokers’ right is in the air.（Whi1e a majority of countries have taken little or not action yet， some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking.） 不吸烟者的权利问题在一个又一个国家里议论开了。 5）(A