世界近代通史(国外英语资料).doc

世界近代通史 Modern history of the world First, the modern political history of the world The establishment of a constitutional monarchy in Britain First, the background With the development of British capitalism, the expansion of the bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy, the bourgeois revolution broke out in 1640, and the Glorious Revolution succeeded in 1688. The Two, the contents of the 1. establish: the bill of rights establishes the sovereignty of Parliament, and the parliament has legislative power and financial power. The The development of the 2. (1) before eighteenth Century, the cabinet system began to take shape, and the prime minister and cabinet had to be elected from the majority party, and the executive power was transferred to the cabinet. The (2) in 1832 parliamentary reform, the new industrial bourgeoisie gained more seats. In the Three, the characteristics of the 1. is a mixture of the monarchy, the aristocracy and the three democracies. The 2., the unification of the king and the rule of not merely a symbol of national unity. The 3., parliament is the center of state power and the legislative power. The 4., the cabinet of responsibility is the core, the executive power and the parliament. Test site two. Establishment of the United States Republican system First, the constitution of 1787 Background: the 1. (1) after the independence of the United States, the United States formed a loose confederacy, and the Confederacy system had serious defects, threatening the sovereignty and unification of the state. The (2) the United States faces problems of ensuring republicanism and strengthening the centralization of state power. The 2. formulation: the constitutional assembly was held in 1787, and the constitution of 1787 was formulated. The The 3. principles: (1) federalism principle: the United States is a federal state, and the federal power is higher than the power of the states. The (2) the principle of the separation of powers and checks and balances: the