陆国强 词的语义分类.ppt

Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field Introduction In last chapter, we consider the meaning relations that holds between words and world, etc. Another aspect of meaning and the study of meaning (semantics) is the meaning relations that hold within the vocabulary of a language between words themselves, including Polysemy, Homonymy, Synonymy, Antonymy and Hyponymy. Objectives: To discuss the main sense relations among words; To explain semantic field. Teaching focus: Polysemy 一词多义关系 Homonymy 同形同音异义关系 Synonyy 同义关系 Antonymy 反义关系 Hyponymy 上下义关系 Semantic Field 语义场 Prefix: poly polydirectional多方向的,多向性的 polyelectron多电子 polyethnic多民族的,多种族的 polyfunctional多官能的, 多重性的 polygamous一夫多妻的, 一妻多夫的 polysemy意义的分歧 6.1 Polysemy一词多义关系 Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time. 它是指一个单独的词同时有两个或更多的意义。 The same word may have two or more different meanings. This is known as “polesemy’. Polysemy is a term used in semantic analysis to refer to a lexical item which has a range of different meanings Polysemy is the common feature peculiar to all natural languages. In modern English, most words are polysemous. (The bulk of English words are polysemantic; one –meaning words are rare and are mainly scientific terms such as hydrogen, molecule, and so on.) However, when a word is first coined, it is monosemic, more meanings are added and it becomes polysemy. How does a word acquire new meanings? Two approaches to polysemy They are diachronic and synchronic. Diachronic approach历时研究方法 From this point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word, or how the semantic structure of a word has developed from a primary meaning to the present polysemic state. 一词多义是同一个词的语义结构历史发展的结果。 Originally, words have one meaning, which is called Primary Meaning. With development of language, more and more meaning are derived this meaning. (The first meaning is the primary meaning原始意义. Later me