英国政治制度 The Political System.ppt

The Role of Parliament See pp.42-43 Parliamentary sovereignty (p.40) British General Election History: see handout The election of Members of Parliament (House of Commons) once every five years (the PM can call an election sooner than 5 years) Voters (p.50) Constituency选区: 650 The party with the most supporters (MP seat) in the Commons forms the government, and the leader of that party becomes Prime Minister Explain: first-past-the-post简单多数制(单选区出线制) unproportional representation; favorable to big parties (see handout) “Vote of no confidence” (p.50) Election campaign: media, TV time VOTES SEATS 2005 2001 1997 2005 2001 1997 Labour 35.2% 40.7% 43.2% 355 55.1% 412 62.5% 418 63.4% Conservative 32.3% 31.7% 30.7% 198 30.5% 166 25.2% 165 25.0% Liberal Democrats 22.0% 18.3% 16.8% 62 9.6% 52 7.8% 46 7.0% Others 10.5% 9.3% 9.3% 31 4.8% 29 4.5% 30 4.6% 2010 General Election Hung parliament: 所谓悬浮议会，又称悬峙议会，就是无任何党派赢得下议院650个席位中的大多数席位。2010年英国大选，工党、保守党、自由民主党实力不分上下。2010年5月7日，英国官方宣布，2010年英国政党大选出现“悬浮议会”。 Political Parties History: see handout The Conservative Party The Labour Party The Social and Liberal Democratic Party (Liberal Democrats) (pp.52-53) Party emblems The Conservative Party The Labour Party The Conservative Beliefs the major right-wing party, supports free enterprise, oppose nationalization and the extending of social services, stands for the maintenance of order and authority at home and the protection of national interests in foreign relations, protect individual right. It is a party drawn predominantly from the upper and upper-middle and middle classes or the establishment circles, south England, suburbs and rural areas. 18 years of Conservative rule political consensus政治趋同 The Labour Beliefs Government: “redistributive” agent claims to represent the interests of the working class, believes in the pursuit of greater social and economic equality, in favor of nationalization国有化 of key industries, more sympathetic to the underprivileged; believe in state educa