英语语法3.代词.pptVIP

人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 自身代词 相互代词 疑问代词 关系代词 不定代词 数的一致 性的一致 人称一致 代词和先行词“性”的一致 法语 un etudiant une etudiante un mur blanc une maison blanche 先行词为通性名词时代词的选择 一般情况下，用阳性代词指代。比如： Each student must have his notebook with him in class. 如何避免这种用法 1.改用复数形式 All students must have notebooks with them in class. 2.避免使用代词 Each student must hand in his homework on Thursday. Use: Each student must hand in the assigned homework on Thursday. 注意：除法律文书外，he or she, his or her不宜在句中多次出现，在语篇中多次重复 When a customer calls, ask him or her to leave his or her phone number. When a customer calls, be sure to ask for a phone number. 这些代词就其语法功能来说，大体分为两大类： 一、指代词（Coreference Pro-form） 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、和关系代词 二、替代词（Substitution Pro-form）。不定代词则为替代词， 指示代词是介乎指代词和替代词之间的词项。 指代词和它的先行项之间是一种“共指关系”（Coreference）。 Mike is from England．He teaches English． 指代词还有一个特征，即该用指代词的地方，你必须用指代词，而不可以重复先行项，如果重复使用先行项，往往会引出歧义。 Mary believes she believes me． Mary believes Mary believes me． 在英语中，指代词的使用常常带有某种强制性。 替代词与先行项之间不存在“共指关系”，而只有“替代关系”，即为了避免重复而用一个替代词去代替一个名词或名词词组。 I don‘t want to read this book．I’d like a more interesting one（＝book）． He has no money and no prospect of any（=any money）． 他没有钱，也没有致富的希望。 替代词的使用并不带有强制性，如果不用替代词而仍重复使用其先行项，尽管在用词上失之累赘，但对整个句子的意义并无妨害 。 I don‘t want to read this book．I’d like a more interesting book． 人称照应 在使用人称代词的时候，必须搞明确谁是它的照应对象，如果这一点含糊不清，就会模棱两可，引出歧义。例如： ？Bill told his cousin that he should visit him before he left for Boston． ？Jane watched Julia walk into the library with her brother． 改写为： Bill told his cousin to visit him before leaving for Boston． Jane watched her brother and Julia walk into the library． 如果用了人称代词，却找不出照应对象，那也会表意含糊。 ？My father is a psychologist，and Ive decided to make it my profession． ？Silas ploughed the field north of the house this morning．He completed it in three hours． 可改写为： My father is a psychologist，and Ive decided to become one，too． Silas ploughed the field north of the house this morning．He completed the ploughing in three hours． 用人称代词表示句子之间的照应关系大多数是后照应现象，即照应对象通常出