chapter6Verbsandtenses.ppt

CONTENTS PAGE * * * * * * Chapter 6 Verbs and Tenses (动词与时态) Chapter 6 1. Verb Categories (动词分类) 2.　Verb Forms (动词形式变化) 3.　Tenses (动词时态) * 一、动词分类Verb Categories 6.1 1.　连系动词 1、连系动词 连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。连系动词可具体分为三类： (1)表示“是”的动词be。 (2)表示“感觉”的词，如look（看起来），feel（觉得，摸起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来）等 。 (3)表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”。例如： a. Spain is our favorite holiday spot. b. His proposal sounds interesting. c. Silk feels soft and smooth. d. The resistance increases as the wires get longer. * 6.1 2、助动词 do, have, will 这类动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问。例如： a. I have been working in a bank since then. b. Do you mind if I stop by later today? c. He did not know how to describe what he saw. d. The new equipment doesn’t work very well. 3、情态动词 can, may, must ,need, dare, might, should 这类动词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思。例如： a. Important principles may and must be enforced执行. b. You shouldn’t come to such a decision so hastily匆忙地. c. Things could have gone worse without your help. d. Can I show you round our new teaching buildings? * 6.1 4、实义动词 行为动词（实义动词）是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。有及物动词和不及物动词之分。不及物动词不可直接跟宾语，通常需要加介词再跟宾语。例如： a. He directed指着 the building of the new bridge of this city. b. He promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went there. c. Those who take risks often reap great rewards. She was reading the plays of Shakespeare when I went into the library. e. All of us will participate in the profits. f. He sometimes stays up till midnight in order to catch up with others. g. I can communicate with you by telepathy心灵感应. * 二、动词的形式 Verb Forms 动词有四种形式 6.2 * 6.2 1、规则动词的过去式和过去分词 规则动词的过去式和过去分词是在原形的基础上加-d/-ed；以-y结尾的如果y前面是元音字母加-d/-ed，如果是辅音字母要变y为i再加-ed；末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed；以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母， 再加-ed。例如：play—played—played work—