分词-最新整理.ppt

六. 现在分词与动名词的区别 2) 作表语时的区别 现在分词作表语修饰句子的主语，说明主语的性质特征; 动名词作表语说明句子主语的具体内容是什么。一般作表语的-ing大多数是动名词。 His hobby is collecting stamps. Reading is permitting a men to talk a long time, and refusing you the right to answer. These results are most satisfying. 六. 现在分词与动名词的区别 3) 作定语时的区别 现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的行为状态，通常含有进行意味，且均可改为定语从句; 动名词作定语一般表示所修饰名词的用途，一般不可直接改为定语从句。一般作定语的-ing大多数是现在分词。 a sleeping car = a car used for sleep (动名词) a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping (现在分词) growing pains = pains during the growth period (动名词) growing children = children that are growing(现在分词) 七、分词练习 C B C C D D * 分 词 Participle 一. 分词作定语 1. 现在分词的意义 1) 主动的、一般的动作 They live in a room facing the south. = They live in a room that faces the south. an understanding man: a man who can understand other’s feeling a puzzling problem: a problem puzzles people 此时将分词改成定语从句，则定语从句谓语要用一般时态； 此时分词表示的是所修饰名词的一种持久性特点。 一. 分词作定语 1. 现在分词的意义 2) 主动的、正在进行的动作 I like the girl dancing with that guy. = I like the girl who is dancing with that guy. boiling water: water that is boiling falling leaves: leaves that is falling the rising sun: the sun that is rising 此时将分词改成定语从句，则定语从句谓语要用进行时态。 此时分词表示的是所修饰名词的一种短暂性特点,强调正在发生。 一. 分词作定语 2. 过去分词的意义 1) 被动的、一般的或完成的动作 the broken cup: the cup has been broken before boiled water: water that has been boiled an annoyed man: a man that has been annoyed a respected writer: a writer that who is respected 此时将分词改成定语从句，则定语从句谓语要用被动语态。 一. 分词作定语 2. 过去分词的意义 2) 主动的、完成的动作 fallen leaves: leaves that have fallen faded colors: colors that have faded a developed country: a country that has developed a married man, a risen sun, rotten teeth… 若将分词改成定语从句，则其谓语要用主动语态、完成时态。 由及物动词变来的过去分词才有被动意义，由不及物动词变来的过去分词只表示主动的完成的动作，此时过去分词表示一种完成的状态，而往往失去了原动词的动作概念。 一. 分词作定语 3. 现在分词与过去分词的区别 1) 从语态角度，现在分词表示主动意义，它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系；过去分词表示被动意义(不及物动词的过去分词除外)，它与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。 The man standing at the gate is my English teacher. The man who is standing at the gate is my English teacher. the broken cup The cup was broken. Someo