动词不定式-7单元.ppt

动词不定式-7单元

动词不定式 在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。它被叫做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词。 疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如: ①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语) ②Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语) ③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接宾语) ④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语) 以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I could learn…… 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。 (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: ①It+be+名词+to do Its our duty to take good care of the old.照顾老人是我们的责任。 ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多少时间来完成这项工作? ③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.我们难以在四分之一小时内完成这篇作文。 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语 afford?(付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到) appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求) attempt (试图),care(想要),choose(决定), claim(声称),condescend(屈尊), consent(准许decide(决定),demand(要求 determine(决心),endeavor(竭力), expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助), hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会) manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出) plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装) proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明) refuse(拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像), swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(预示), undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),vow(发誓), want(想要),wish(希望) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise allow believe cause challenge compel declare encourage forbid force find hire induce instruct invite like order permit persuade remind request require select send suppose tell train urge a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b. We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 2) to + be 的不定式结构,作补语的动词。 Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel, find, guess, judge, imagine, know, pro

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