分子生物学：1introductionofmolecularbiology.ppt

Chapter One: Introduction of Molecular Biology Key Points: Definition of Molecular Biology （*） Brief history of Molecular Biology Relationship between Molecular Biology and other disciplines（*） Prospects of Molecular Biology 1 Definition of Molecular Biology The attempt to understand the biological phenomena in molecular terms. The study on the process of DNA replication, transcription, translation and expression regulation and related proteins or enzymes. Stage 1: Preparation准备和酝酿阶段 Stage 2: Establishing and developing of contemporary Molecular Biology现代分子生物学的建立和发展阶段 Stage 3: Primary understanding of the nature of life and modification of life-deep development stage初步认识生命本质并开始改造生命的深入发展阶段 Stage 4: Post-genome era后基因组时代 Molecular biology is a hybrid discipline, it grew out of the disciplines of genetics and biochemistry. From late 1900s to early 1950s (19世纪后期到20世纪50年代初) ? Confirmed that protein is one of the fundamental materials of life. 确定了蛋白质是生命的主要基础物质 (经典生物化学的贡献) ? Confirmed that DNA is the nature of genetic material. 确定了生物遗传的物质基础是DNA(经典遗传学的贡献) Conclusion: the genetic material of bacteria is DNA. By definition, the early work on genes cannot be considered molecular biology, or even molecular genetics, because early geneticists did not know the molecular nature of genes. In fact, the chemical composition of genes was not know until 1944. At that point, it became possible to study genes as molecules, and the discipline of molecular biology was born. Conclusion: the genetic material of phage also is DNA. Stage 2: Establishing and developing of contemporary Molecular Biology From early 1950s to early 1970s 从50年代初到70年代初 ? Central Dogma ? Further understanding on protein structure and function 对蛋白质结构和功能的进一步认识 对DNA 复制的认识 1953年，在发现DNA双螺旋结构同时，Watson和Crick就提出DNA复制的可能模型， 1956年，A. Kornberg首先发现DNA聚合酶； 1958年，Meselson及Stahl用同位素标记和超速离心分离实验为DNA半保留模型提出了证明； 1968年，Okazaki（冈畸）提出DNA不连续复制模型； 1972年，证实了DNA复制开始需要RNA作为引物； 70