discourse contexts(语境).pptVIP

Discourse contexts Chen Ping Context—an important role ----“How did John do?” ----“Well, he wrote something down for every question.” Analysis: John’s parents are talking with his teacher about his examination results. The real intention of the teacher is that John did very badly in the exam. Without the help of context, the listener’s understanding of the teacher’s true intention will become very difficult. What is context? At the linguistic level, context refers to the word, phrase, paragraph, chapter, even a text occurs before or after a particular word, phrase, paragraph, chapter, even a text . At the non-linguistic level, context refers to the surrounding situation in which an utterance or a discourse occurs. Linguistic context Phonological context Lexical context Grammatical context Semantic context Stylistic context Non-linguistic context Context of situation Context of culture Interpersonal context Discourse Contexts -- Situational context -- Cultural context -- Interpersonal context The context of situation As Halliday (Halliday and Hasan 1985) says, “There is text and there is other text that accompanies it: text that is ‘with’ the context. This notion of what is ‘with the text,’ however, goes beyond what is said and written: it includes other nonverbal goings-on, the total environment in which a text unfolds.” Elements -- The participants, including their age, gender, social status, education, feelings, etc. The happenings, including time and place. The formality degree of verbal activity. The topic\subject of the discourse, such as politics, economics, science technology, entertainment, and daily life. The medium of the communication. The relation among the participants. Example of situational context A : Mr Brown, this is what you want. Where should I put it? B : Ah, here please. Thank you. Analysis : It is about time to begin class, but the teacher realizes that he leaves his textbook in the office. He asks one of the students to bring it