Gene_X_ppt_(Gene10_基因十)Chapter02.ppt

2.12 Proteins Are trans-acting, but Sites on DNA Are cis-acting cis-acting mutations identify sequences of DNA that are targets for recognition by trans-acting products. They are not expressed as RNA or protein and affect only the contiguous stretch of DNA. FIGURE 18: A cis-acting site controls expression of the adjacent DNA but does not influence the other allele FIGURE 19: A trans-acting mutation in a protein affects both alleles of a gene that it controls Chapter 2Genes Code for Proteins 2.1 Introduction allele – One of several alternative forms of a gene occupying a given locus on a chromosome. locus – The position on a chromosome at which the gene for a particular trait resides; it may be occupied by any one of the alleles for the gene. genetic recombination – A process by which separate DNA molecules are joined into a single molecule, due to such processes as crossing-over or transposition. FIGURE 01: Each chromosome has a single long molecule of DNA within which are the sequences of individual genes 2.2 A Gene Codes for a Single Polypeptide The one gene : one enzyme hypothesis summarizes the basis of modern genetics: that a gene is a stretch of DNA coding for one or more isoforms of a single polypeptide. one gene : one polypeptide hypothesis – A modified version of the not generally correct one gene : one enzyme hypothesis; the hypothesis that a gene is responsible for the production of a single polypeptide. 2.2 A Gene Codes for a Single Polypeptide heteromultimer – A molecular complex (such as a protein) composed of different subunits. homomultimer – A molecular complex (such as a protein) in which the subunits are identical. Some genes do not encode polypeptides, but encode structural or regulatory RNAs. 2.2 A Gene Codes for a Single Polypeptide Most mutations damage gene function and are recessive to the wild-type allele. A mutation in a gene affects only the product (protein or RNA) coded by the mutant copy of the gene and does not affect the pr