虚拟语气和情态动词.ppt

虚拟语气 （subjunctive mood） 2 1.定义 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。 if引导的非真实条件句 if条件句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 did/were would/should/could /might+do had+done would/should/could /might+have+do did/were should+do were to+do would/should/could /might+do 与将来事实相反 If it were to snow tomorrow, we would take photos. If it should snow tomorrow, we would take photos. Practice 1.If I (have)time, I would go for a walk. 2.If we (make)adequatepreparations,the meeting wouldnt have been so successful. 3.If he were to leave today, he (get)there by Friday. had had made would get if引导的非真实条件句中的倒装现象 条件从句中有were，had或should时，有时可以不用if，而把were，had或should移至主语前。 If I had time,I would go with you. Had I time,I would go with you. 错综时间条件句 虚拟结构中，有时条件从句中的动作和结果主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，其动词形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If it had rained last night, it would be wet. (从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反) 含蓄条件句 提到条件句，人们一般会想到if引导的条件句，而英语中某些假设的条件句不是通过if从句表达出来，而是包含在某些短语、上下文或其他方式中，其谓语也常用虚拟语气，我们称此种结构为含蓄条件句。常用 without(=but for) ，or(else), otherwise 代替if从句。 Without your help, I would have failed. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. wish的虚拟 “wish+宾语从句”表示未能实现的愿望用虚拟语气，这时译为“可惜......”，“......就好了”，“悔不该......”，“但愿......”等。 从句谓语动词形式 表示现在不能实现的愿望 did 表示过去不能实现的愿望 would/could +do 表示将来不能实现的愿望 would/could+do 在表建议、命令、要求等词后的虚拟语气 在动词arrange,command,demand,desire,insist(坚持做某事),order,propose,request,require,suggest(建议)等的宾语从句中用“（should）+do” The doctor ordered that he (stay)in bed for a few days. 巧记 (should) stay 一坚持 insist 二命令 order command 三建议 suggest advise recommend 四要求 ask, demand, request, require 主语从句中的虚拟语气 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟结构用“should+do”的结构，表示惊奇，不相信、惋惜，理应如此而已等。 It was a pity that you (should)be so careless. 其它虚拟语气 as if/as though(好像)，even if/even though(即使) It is (high) time (that)... (现在)该...... if only 但愿.......，要是......就好了 would rather 宁愿 情态动词 （Modal Verbs） 1.定义 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，有一定的意义，但词义不全，不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词构成谓语。情态动词无人称和数的变化。 2.表推测的情态动词 肯定 mu