附录 十、时态和语态.pptVIP

综合验证 (1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常用often, usually, every day等时间状语。 Every few years, the coal workers have their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. (2010·上海卷) 每隔几年，煤矿工人们都要对肺部进行X光检查，以确保身体健康。 十、时态和语态 揭秘“潜规则” 潜规则一　一般现在时和一般过去时 知识回顾 1．一般现在时 Planning so far ahead makes no sense—so many things will have changed by next year. (2011·新课标卷) 这么早做计划没有什么意义——到明年很多事情就会变了。 (2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象，无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。 —What did the teacher say just now? —He stressed that the earth moves around the sun. ——刚才老师说什么？ ——他强调地球围绕太阳转。 (3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。 My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa. 我父母答应在我离开去非洲之前来看望我。 (4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。 如begin，come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。 The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday. 飞机每星期三、五2：30起飞。 表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。 Excuse me.I didnt realize I was blocking your way.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ) 对不起，我原来不知道挡你的路了。 The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973. (2010·重庆卷) 自从这本书在1973年上市以来已被翻译成三十种语言。 —You speak very good French! 2．一般过去时 —Thanks.I studied French in Sichuan University for four years. (2009·四川卷) ——你的法语说得真好！ ——谢谢，我在四川大学学过四年的法语。 这是很重要的一种时态。常用的时间状语有：so far, recently, lately, once/twice/three...times, before, ever, by now, in the last/past few years, over a long time, up to now, yet, already, just, since等。主要用于以下几种情况： (1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 When you are home，give a call to let me know you have arrived safely. (2010·新课标卷) 当你到家时，给我打个电话好让我知道你已经安全到达。 潜规则二　完成时 知识回顾 1．现在完成时 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 They have been good friends since they met at a meeting. 自从在一次会议上见面以来，他们就一直是好朋友。 Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.(2010·山东卷) 到现在为止，该项目已救助了上千名孩子，不然他们就会死亡。 (3)下列句型中常用现在完成时。 ①It is (has been)＋一段时间＋since从句 This (That/It) is the first (second...) time＋that从句 This is the first time we have seen a film in the