Lecture _2(LET104)03March中文概要1.ppt

DR. OMER MAHFOODH The term of grammar can be understood as 语法的术语可以理解为 the rules of the structures of a language (grammar in its narrow sense); 语言（语法狭义）的结构规则; all the rules of a language, including phonetic, phonological , syntactic , semantic and pragmatic rules which is equivalent to linguistics (grammar in its broad sense); 一种语言的所有规则，包括语音，语音，语法，语义和语用规则相当于语言学（语法在其广泛的意义上）; 3 the study of the rules of a language. 研究一种语言的规则。 NP1 + Aux + V + NP2 ? John + will + write + a story NP2 + Aux + be + en + V + by + NP1 ? a story + will + be + en + write + by + John Notes: NP = noun phrase Aux= Auxiliary V= verb Presented and presented by Dr. Omer Mahfoodh, PPBLT, USM We lead The second distinction is that between finite and infinite clauses, and this depends on the form of verb chosen. If the speaker wishes to express tense, person or number, a finite form of the verb is chosen, such as is, eats, locked, went and the clause is then called a finite clause. 第二个区别是，有限与无限子句之间，这就要看动词所选择的形式。如果讲话者想表达的紧张，人或数，动词的形式有限的选择，比如是，吃，锁定，就去该条款随后被称为有限条款。 On the other hand, if the verb form does not express this information about the verbal process, the verb and the clause are classified as non-finite. 另一方面，如果该动词形式不表达有关口头处理该信息，动词和该条被列为非有限。 The non finite verb forms are the infinitive (be, eat, lock, go), the participial ing-form (being, eating, locking, going), and the past participial form (been, eaten, locked, gone). 非谓语动词形式是不定式（是，吃饭，锁，去），在分词ING形式（即，吃饭，锁，去），和过去分词形式（被，吃，锁定了）。 Finally, clauses like can you? I won’t, has he? are called abbreviated clauses.最后，条款喜欢你能吗？我不会，是吗？被称为简称条款 We lead The classes of groups Groups are classified according to the class of word operating as the main or head element (Downing, 2002:13). That is to say, we can identify the following classes: 组是根据类单词经营为主体或头部元（13唐宁，2002年）的分类。也就是说，我们可以识别以下类： Nominal groups名词性词组 Verbal groups 动词词组 Adjectival groups形容词性i词组 Adverbial groups副词词组 Prepositional groups介词词组 3. The classes of words W