克拉申第二语言习得理论.ppt

The Monitor Model Song Xuejiao Introduction The Five Hypotheses Causative Variables Taken into Account in the Monitor Model Evaluation Introduction Stephen Krashen is professor emeritus at the University of Southern California, who moved from the linguistics department to the faculty of the School of Education in 1994. Introduction He is a linguist, educational researcher, and activist. Dr. Krashen has published more than 350 papers and books, contributing to the fields of second language acquisition (SLA), bilingual education, and reading. He is credited with introducing various influential concepts and terms in the study of second language acquisition, including the acquisition-learning hypothesis, the input hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the affective filter, and the natural order hypothesis. Introduction 斯蒂芬?克拉申(Stephen Krashen)1941年出生于美国芝加哥，现为美国南加州大学荣休教授，他毕生致力于第二语言获得的研究，这为他赢得了世界了性声誉。克拉申在20世纪中叶以来提出的第二语言学习得的“输入假说模式”，这是近几十年来影响广泛、解释全面又很具争议性的理论。 The Five Hypotheses The Five Hypotheses The Five Hypotheses 早在1970 年代初克拉申就提出了“监控模式”(The Monitor Model) ,该模式以“监控假说（ The Monitor Hypothesis）”为核心;80 年代中叶,克拉申对之进一步扩充修订,转为以“输入假说”(The input hypothesis) 为中心,形成了“输入假说模式”。 The Five Hypotheses The acquisition-learning hypothesis The ‘acquisition-learning’ distinction has already been considered in Chaper9(the role of formal instruction). The distinction lies at the heart of Krashen’s theory. It is applicable to the process of internalizing new L2 knowledge, to storing this knowledge, and also to using it in actual performance. . The Five Hypotheses ‘Acquisition’ occurs subconsciously as a result of participating in natural communication where the focus is on meaning. In storage, ‘acquired’ knowledge is located in the left hemisphere of the brain (in most users) in the language areas; it is available for automatic processing. ‘Learning’ occurs as a result of conscious study of the formal properties of the language. ‘Learn