新编英语教程 6-Unit Seven.ppt

Unit FourText I The Lady, or the Tiger? (Part I) I. Library Work Gladiators (古罗马的斗士) were armed fighters performing for the public in ancient Rome. Throughout the history of ancient Rome, it remained fashionable to commemorate the dead with a gladiatorial fight. Gladiatorial games Philosophy of Beauty Beauty is an integral part of our lives. For ages, philosophers have been wondering how to define beauty and ugliness. Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? How does the ancient concept of beauty compare to concepts of beauty in contemporary aesthetics and society? What is the role of beauty in our images/perceptions of bodies, and how does this motivate critical feminist theories of beauty? Philosophy of Beauty Until the 18th century, beauty was the most important aspect of aesthetics. Socrates thought you felt pleasure from objects that were intrinsically（内在的） beautiful. He found pleasure in simple geometric shapes, single colors, and musical notes. Plato, however, believed that beauty was an ingredient property within things. Relative beauty exists only in comparison to ugly things. Plato thought that beauty was defined by a property of the whole object. Philosophy of Beauty In the 16-17th centuries conditions of beauty became specific and formal. The beauty was supposed to “arouse” the appropriate response, which was pleasure or delight. In the 18th century Addison came up with a statement that “the taste is not to conform to the art, but the art to the taste.” Focus of what beauty was changed based around a person’s reaction to what the object was. Philosophy of Beauty Beauty was no longer the main concept in aesthetics. There were now other factors involved, basically referred to as the aesthetic perception. A significant realization in aesthetics was sublimity（气质高尚）. Beauty was described as an experience of “joy or cheerfulness.” Philosophy of Beauty However, with a more general meaning of today, beauty is defined by an individual response to an objec