第二章：词的构成方式.ppt

（4）由带有介词的后置定语构成的复合形容词：这种结构的形态标志是形容词+名词或名词+名词。Foreign-policy discussions（外交政策的讨论）=discussions on foreign policy, national-security matters（国家安全事物）=matters concerning national security, flood-retreat cultivation（洪水退去后的耕种）=cultivation after the retreat of a flood, weather modification ideas（改变气候的设想）=ideas about modification of the weather, a troop withdrawal proposal（撤军的建议）=a proposal for withdrawal of troops, a coffee-price brake（煞住咖啡价格的涨风）=a brake on the rise of the price of coffee，the election-eve situation（大选前夕的形势）=the situation on the eve of an election. (5)由定语从句压缩而成的复合形容词：an easy-to-paint portrait（一幅容易绘画的像）, a difficult-to-operate machine（一部难于操纵的机器）=a machine which is difficult to operate, hard-to-get-at volumes（难以借到的图书）。类似的结构还有：a not-so-strong football team（一个实力不太强的足球队），the too-eager-not-to-lose old champions（那些求胜心切的老冠军），the still-to-be-made announcement（有待宣布的声明）。 Syntactic relation between the morphemes in adj. Adj+adverdial:world-famous,homesick Verb+adverbial:quick-frozen,half-baked,new-born,home-made Sub.+verb:hen-pecked,poverty-stricken Verb+obj:peace-loving,telltale Attribute+noun.: white-collar,chicken-hearted Parallel:bitter-sweet, social-political,shabby-genteel(穷酸的) Compound verb Mainly formed by conversion and backformation. By conversion: machine-gun, spotlight（使…突出）,nickname, honeymoon, By backformation: massproduction,sight-seeing, chainsmoker,proofreading(校对) 2.Conversion转化法 A word is used as another word-class with new meaning and function but without any change in form. The method is conversion \functional shift\zero-derivation. He fathered a son. Who father your son? Einstein fathered relativity.（创立） He fathered a proposal. He fathered a controversy.（引起） The cat nosed her kitten. The bulldozer nosed the rock off the road. He nosed his car through the gate. 2.1Convert into verb Noun into verb R.Quirk 把转成动词与原名词的语义关系分成7种： To put in\on 把…放入（地方、容器、建筑物等） To give n. to provide with n.给予，提供 To deprive of 去除 To…with n. 用…做（人体部位或工具） To be\act as