第八讲量子力学绪论-2016.pptx

20 世纪初物理天空上有几朵乌云;How big an atom is?;The Uroboros / Uroborus, Greek tail-devouring snake ;The Large Electron-Positron Collider-- LEP;5;6;Professor Jeffrey D. Richman Physics Department University of California Santa Barbara;A figurative depiction of the?helium-4 atom with the electron cloud in shades of gray.;How did the Quantum Mechanics start?;It was beginning from the issue about light ……;Newton;Blackbody Radiation (1859);?A blackbody is also a perfect emitter. Kirchhoff? proved that the energy emitted?E?depends only on the temperature?T?and the frequency?v?of the emitted energy, i.e. E?=?J(T,v) in 1859.;Spectrum of Blackbody Radiation;Planck’s explanation of the blackbody radiation;Einstein’s Explanation of Photoelectric Effect-1905;-Vstop= Constant;Einstein’s Explanation of Photoelectric Effect ;Everyday Evidence for Photons;In 1923 Compton scattering;A.H. Compton, Phys. Rev. 22 409 (1923);COMPTON SCATTERING (cont);Conservation of energy;Wave-particle duality of the light;Duality （二象性） A young girl? Old woman?;Richard Wesley Hamming?(February 11, 1915 – January 7, 1998) was an?American mathematician?whose work had many implications for?computer science?and telecommunications. “… in all of the science there are only descriptions of how things happen and nothing about why they happen.” ? Wave-particle duality – “I cannot explain this, you will get used to it”.;人们终于承认光有“粒子性”，也有“波性”;ELECTRON DIFFRACTIONThe Davisson-Germer experiment (1927);Clint Davisson (1881-1958)Lester Germer (1896-1971) ;;1924年 de Broglie 战战兢兢提出一个大胆的假设：电子也有“波性”;32;Richard Feynman: (1918-1988, 1965 Nobel Prize for QED);34;概率幅——电子双缝干涉实验Probability Amplitude;Double-Slit Experiment with a machine gun!;Double-Slit Experimentwith non-interference light sources;38;Double-Slit Experimentto illustrate wave nature of light;40;Constructive interference;Intensity Distribution;;For coherent sources, the cross term is non-zero. In fact, for constructive interference E1 = E2 and correlation term