英语语言学流派简介.ppt

Theories and Schools of Linguistics An Introduction Introduction: Language and Linguistics Language: Language is an open system of highly polysemous articulated signs to express meanings. -----Saussure Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols. -----Sapir Introduction: Language and Linguistics From now on I will consider a language to be a set (finite or infinite) of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements. ---Chomsky language is human vocal noise (or the graphic representation of this noise in writing) used systematically and conventionally by a community for purposes of communication. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Design features of language Arbitrariness duality Creativity Displacement Introduction: Language and Linguistics Linguistics: Linguistics is a scientific study of language. It is a major branch of social science. Linguistics used to be studied under the discipline of anthropology, sociology and psychology. It is Saussure who separate linguistics from other disciplines. Is Linguistic a science? 1. Linguists agree that linguistics is empirical rather than speculative or intuitive: it operates with publicly verifiable data obtained by means of observation or experiment 2. Linguistics is still in its early stage. 3. Every discipline has its own technical terminology 4. It has its own principle: systematicity, exhaustiveness, objectivity, consistency, economy Branches of linguistics General Vs. Descriptive Linguistics Theoretical Vs. Applied linguistics Diachronic Vs. Synchronic Linguistics Micro- Vs. Macro- linguistics Main Contents of the Course Linguistics before 18th century The 19th century linguistics The beginning of modern linguistics American Descriptive Structuralist Linguistics Chomsky and