正己烷体系中酶催化菜籽油制备乙酯生物柴油.pdfVIP

2007年第32卷第】2期 中 国 油 脂 45 文章编号：1003-7969(2007)12-0045—03 中图分类号：TQ645 文献标识码：A 正己烷体系中酶催化菜籽油制备乙酯生物柴油 李 堂，周建红，黄 朋，刘志强 (湖南科技大学化学化工学院，411201湖南省湘潭市) 摘要：研究了脂肪酶催化菜籽油乙醇解反应的几个主要影响因素，即醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、 反应温度和反应时间，并研究了正己烷对反应的影响。得出脂肪酶催化菜籽油乙醇解制备生物柴 油的最佳反应条件为：醇油摩尔比5：1，催化剂用量10％，反应温度40 cc，反应时间36 h、正己烷用 量15％。在最佳反应条件下，1次加入乙醇时转化率为86％；采用3次加醇能很好改善催化环境， 转化率达到93％。利用气相色谱分析了产物中脂肪酸乙酯的组成，结果表明，产物中主要是十八 碳酸乙酯。 关键词：脂肪酶；菜籽油；醇解；正己烷；生物柴油 Enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel from rapeseed oil in n——hexane system LI Tang，ZHOU Jian—hong，HUANG Peng，LIU Zhi—qiang (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Hunan University of Science and Technology， 41 1201 Hunan Xiangtan，China) Abstract：The conditions in ethanolysis reaction，namely rapeseed oil reacted with ethanol catalyzed by lipase LVK to produce biodiesel were investigated，such as molar ratio of ethanol to oil，amount of cat— alyst，reaction temperature and reaction time．The effect of organic solvent and the adding forms of ethanol were also investigated．The optimal conditions for ethanolysis of the rapeseed oil were obtained as follows： molar ratio of ethanol to oil 5：l，amount of catalyst 10％ ，reaction temperature 40 oC，amount of n—hex— ane 1 5％ and reaction time 36 h．Under the conditions the conversion rate of transesterification reached 86％ as ethanol adding in one time，while the ethanol adding in three times the transesterification conver— sion rate could reach 93％．The analysis result of gas chromatography showed that the main ethyl ester in the product was octadecanoic acid ethyl ester。 Key words：lipase；rapeseed oil；ethanolysis；n—hexane；biodiesel 生物柴油是由可再生的动植物油脂与短链醇 碱废液。生物酶法反应条件温和，不发生皂化副反 (甲醇或乙醇)经转酯化反应制得的脂肪酸酯(甲酯 应，没有碱性废液产生。不足之处有：不使用有机溶 或乙酯)。它是一种可再生、易生