饮料作物永续发展.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Spice 進口國：美國、德國、日本、法國 集散地：新加坡、香港 350,000-370,000 ton/year over than billions 出口國：印度、印尼、巴西、馬來西亞 種類：胡椒、辣椒、香草、肉桂、丁香、小茴香、茴香、胡荽、薑、薑黃根、豆蔻、肉豆蔻、八角、杜松、番紅花、葛縷子 Herb 歐洲中北部：氣候冷、溫差大，香氣濃郁香草。 地中海沿岸：雨量適中、陽光充足、土壤排水良好，薰衣草、迷迭香、鼠尾草、馬鞭草…等。 東北亞：四季分明，中國之薔薇、日本之薰衣草。 赤道地區：中南美洲、印度、東南亞，終年高溫，香料為主，茉莉花。 Herb 生產國：歐洲(法國、德國、英國)、美洲(加拿大)、大洋洲(澳洲) 集散地：德國、法國 消費國：亞洲、美洲、歐洲 種類：薄荷葉/歐薄荷、薰衣草、洋甘菊、迷迭香、百里香…. 形式：精油、花草茶包、萃取物 種類繁多、難以統計 Medical herbs 是未來趨勢。 ? Rhododendron Oil ? Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don Wild crafted ? Artemisia Oil ( Armoise oil ) ? Artemisia Vulgaris L. Wild crafted ? Calamus Oil ? Acorus calamus Wild crafted ? Chamomile Oil (German) ? Matricaria chamomilla Cultivated ? Citronella Oil ? Cymbopogon Winterianus Jowitt Cultivated ? Zedoary root Oil ? Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe Wild crafted ? French Basil Oil ? Ocimum Basilicum Cultivated ? Eucalyptus Oil ? Eucalyptus globulus labille Cultivated ? Jatamansi Oil (Spikenard) ? Nardostachys Jatamansi Wild crafted ? Juniper Berry Oil ? Juniperus communis Wild crafted ? Lemongrass Oil ? Cymbopogon flexuosus (D. C.) Cultivated ? Mentha Arvensis Oil ? Mentha Arvensis L. Cultivated ? Palmarosa Oil ? Cymbopogon martinii Motia Cultivated ? Sugandha Kokila Oil ? Cinnamomum glaucescens Wild crafted ? Wintergreen Oil ( Gaultheria) ? Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall Wild crafted ? Zanthoxylum Oil ? Zanthoxylum armatum Wild crafted ? Valerian Oil ? Valeriana officinalis Wild crafted Table of essential oils Map of world indicating cocoa growing countries Cocoa bean production (thousands ton) 可可主要進口國家 咖啡特性 Coffee 全世界至少有56 個國家或地區，巴西27.91%，哥倫比亞10.27%，越南11.80%，印尼6.16% Coffee Arabicas(67.13%) Robustas(32.87%) CALCULATION OF INDICATOR PRICES The procedures set out in these Rules take into account the following principles: the agents in the three main markets (USA, France and Germany) and their respective costs for collection and transmissi