2013-Modification of glass ionomer cement by incorporating hydroxyapatite-silica.pdfVIP

Available online at CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Ceramics International ] (]]]]) ]]]–]]] /locate/ceramint Modification of glass ionomer cement by incorporating hydroxyapatite-silica nano-powder composite: Sol–gel synthesis and characterization n Rayees Ahmad Shiekh , Ismail Ab Rahman, Sam’an Malik Masudi, Norhayati Luddin School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Received 3 August 2013; received in revised form 28 September 2013; accepted 28 September 2013 Abstract A nanohydroxyapatite–silica powder was synthesized using an ethanol based sol–gel technique. The synthesized powder was incorporated into commercial glass ionomer powder (Fuji II GC) and characterized using FTIR, 29Si CP/MAS NMR, EDX and XRD spectroscopy. 29Si CP/MAS NMR results showed the presence of higher degree of cross-linking of silyl species between silica and GIC, which makes the Nano-HA–Silica– GIC composite much stronger. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to investigate the morphology of the synthesized powder. Results revealed that higher content of nanosilica produced a denser and stronger GIC. Thus, the application of nanohydroxyapatite–silica–GIC with improved properties are envisioned to be of great clinical importance, especially in stress bear