fibers -- carbon 纤维.ppt

Introduction引言 Definition: A composite is a material comprised of two or more physically distinct materials with at least one material providing reinforcing properties on strength and modulus. 定义：复合材料是由两种或两种以上的材料，用化学或物理的方法复合制成的一种新材料，其性能优于单一材料。 Reinforcement phase (e.g., Fibers)增强相（例如：纤维） Binder phase (e.g., compliant matrix)粘结相（例如：柔性基体） Introduction引言 Advantages优点 High strength and stiffness高强度与刚度 Low weight ratio轻质 Material can be designed in addition to the structure具有可设计性 Applications应用 Straw in clay construction by Chineses 稻草增强泥土 Aerospace industry 航空与航天 Sporting goods 运动器材 Automotive 汽车 Construction 建筑 Types of Composites复合材料的分类 Costs of composite manufacture制备成本 Material costs -- higher for composites 材料成本–复合材料高 Constituent materials (e.g., fibers and resin) 组分材料（如：纤维和树脂） Processing costs -- embedding fibers in matrix 加工成本–将基体包覆纤维 not required for metals Carbon fibers order of magnitude higher than aluminum Costs of composite manufacture制备成本 Design costs -- lower for composites 设计成本– 复合材料低 Can reduce the number of parts in a complex assembly by designing the material in combination with the structure 可以减少复杂构件的构件数目 Increased performance must justify higher material costs 性能的增加高于材料成本的增加 Costs of composite manufacture制备成本 Material can be designed in addition to the structure具有可设计性 Forms of Reinforcement Phase增强材料的形态 Fibers 纤维 cross-section can be circular, square or hexagonal横截面可以是圆形，方形或六角形 Diameters -- 2.54 mm - 12.7 mm直径 Lengths -- L/D ratio长度--长/径比 100 -- for chopped fiber短切纤维 much longer for continuous fiber连续纤维 Forms of Reinforcement Phase增强材料的形态 Particulate粒子 small particles that impede dislication movement (in metal composites) and strengthens the matrix增强基体的强度 For sizes 1 mm, strength of particle is involves in load sharing with matrix 与基体一同承担载荷 Forms of Reinforcement Phase增强材料的形态 Fibers – Glass 纤维–玻璃纤维 Most widely used fiber应用最广的纤维 Uses: piping, tanks, boats, sporting goods管道，贮罐，船，运动器材 Advantages优点 low cost成本低 Cor