纳滤膜技术（Nanofiltration membrane technology）.docVIP

纳滤膜技术（Nanofiltration membrane technology） 4.3.1 the application of water treatment in water treatment to the softening of nanofiltration membrane was initially aimed at softening and replacing normal lime softening and ion exchange with membrane method. Compared with the softening and ion exchange method, membrane softening has its unique advantages, such as no regeneration, no sludge production, complete removal of suspended matter, while removing organic matter. The water in Florida is high in hardness and has been softened by membrane method for more than a decade. The new water supply project is softened with the membrane method. The water capacity in the early 1990s was 227, 000 m3. Route 3, 800 m3. D-1 sodium filtration softening plant is one example of [19]. 4.3.2 the preparation of drinking water Because of nanofiltration technology can effectively remove carcinogens THM precursors, TOC, bacteria, etc., while retaining many of the water body beneficial elements, using nanofiltration technology to municipal water depth processing, provides the high quality of drinking water, will be the optimization of drinking water purification technology in the 21st century. 李灵芝等[20]采用纳滤膜对某市自来水(以污染严重的淮河水为源水进行深度处理试验，研究了NF 循环制水试验工艺的效果。结果表明：纳滤循环制水工艺可以有效地去除水中的NH3-N、NO-2-N、TOC、致突变物等杂质，获得安全、合格的饮用水。并且，与纳滤一级一段工艺相比，可以在同样较低压力下获得高回收率，降低了能耗，减少了浓水排放，因此该法是制取优质饮用水的一种有效途径。 日本在新“MAC21”项目中研究了膜法净化饮用水工艺，主要采用两种流程：一是纳滤系统并以MF/UF 做预处理；二是MF/UF 与深度处理工艺如臭氧氧化、生物活性碳和生物处理。长期中试结果表明：纳滤工艺能有效地去除水中的色度、TOC 和THMs。THMFP 最高去除率99.2%，TOC 去除率达98.8%[21]。 4.3.3 受污染地下水的处理 随着工业和农业的发展，工业废水和农业废水排放对地下水质的污染越来越受到人们的关注。这些废水进入地下使水中的有机物含量增加，这些有机物容易与水处理过程中的氯发生反应生成致癌物质——三卤化物(THMs)。据报道，纳滤膜能够有效地去除这些有机物。在美国佛罗里达州某部利用纳滤脱除饮用水中97%的有机卤，总有机碳(TOC)的含量可降低90%以上。 Tan 等[22]的研究表明，纳滤膜和砂滤结合起来对废水进行二级处理非常有效。砂滤能减少易吸附和结垢在纳滤膜表面的有机物，而纳滤膜能够减少盐分、硬度、重金属和其它污染物，降低颜色深度，脱除大量的可溶性有机物质，减少了形成三卤化物(THMs)的前体物。 4.4 纳滤膜技术在工业废水处理及回收利用中的应用 纳滤膜可成功地应用于印染、造纸、石油化工、电镀、重金属、食品工业等废水处理和回收利用。 4.4. 1 in the dye industry, the application of water treatment in dye wastewater chroma