创业战略管理-第6讲-李卫宁.pptVIP

Market Competition for ad hoc, short-term contracts 竞争临时、短期的合同 Hierarchy Long-term contracts with only limited internal competition Network Long-term and ad hoc features of both market and hierarchy 长期和临时的特征 Entrepreneurship: Markets, hierarchies and networks (Continued) （1）The market as a form of organising exchange Organisation members Coordination （2）Hierarchical organisation （3）The network 3、Organisations for starting the venture * The hollow organisation 空心型组织 * The extended organisation 延伸型组织 （1）The extended organisation （2）The hollow organisation 谢谢各位！ （5）Closing the window: * Entrenching competitive position 保持竞争地位 * Continuing innovation 持续创新 * Sustaining the organisation 维持组织 * Maintaining networks 维持网络 * Ensuring appropriate stakeholderrewards 保证适当的股东回报 2、Innovation Advantages of being first: * initial monopoly 先入为主 * set industry standards 设立行业标准 * establish customer expectations 建立顾客忠诚 * lock in distributors 锁定经销商或者分销商 * set pricing levels 设定价格水平 Innovation Disadvantages of being first: * risk of the unknown 未知的风险 * higher investment cost 高的投资成本 * cost of educating customers 培养顾客的成本 Advantages: * easier to expand the business 便于经营扩张 * lower competitive pressures 低的竞争压力 * market segmentation possible 容易市场划分 3、Market growth Market growth Disadvantages: * attracts competitors’ attention 吸引竞争对手的注意力 * high investment players move in 吸引高的投资人 * standards and expectations change 标准和预期变化 * later shake out 后来洗牌 Market growth Market growth rate 市场增长率 Attractiveness 吸引力 Time 4、The product life cycle Early growth Late growth Maturity Decline Market Sales Time Time Profit Loss Investment投资 Revenues收入 Profits收益 Break- even Point 盈亏点 The product life cycle Market segmentation is the process of encouraging the formation of distinct（独特） sub-markets within an overall market. 5、Market segmentation 市场细分 Market segmentation is the process of encouraging the formation of distinct sub-markets within an overall market. It is an attractive option because it allows v