《天体物理前沿系列讲座》天体物理前沿系列讲座1.pptVIP

Jobs advertised in AAS Edwin Ernest Salpeter (1924-2008) in 1951 explained how with the “triple-alpha” reaction, carbon nuclei could be produced from helium nuclei in the nuclear reactions within certain large and hot stars. Fred?Hoyle (1915-2001) made indisputable contributions to our understanding of stellar nucleosynthesis and together with a few others convincingly showed how heavy elements are created during supernova explosions. Margaret?Burbidge (born 1919) Geoff Burbidge?(1925-2010) William Alfred?Fowler (1911-1995)? He and his colleagues at Caltech measured the rates of nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest. 1957 Synthesis of the Elements in Stars. They demonstrated how the cosmic abundances of?all heavier elements from carbon to uranium?could be explained as the result of nuclear reactions in stars. “He measured parallaxes in Cambridge, England, with A.R. Hinks and found a correlation between spectral types and absolute magnitudes of stars – the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. He popularized the distinction between giant stars and ‘dwarfs’ while developing an early theory of stellar evolution. With his student, Harlow Shapley, he analyzed light from eclipsing binary stars to determine stellar masses. Later he and his assistant, Charlotte E. Moore Sitterly, determined masses of thousands of binary stars using statistical methods. With Walter S. Adams Russell applied Meghnad Saha’s theory of ionization to stellar atmospheres and determined elemental abundances, confirming Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin’s discovery that the stars are composed mostly of hydrogen. Russell applied the Bohr theory of the atom to atomic spectra and with Harvard physicist F.A. Saunders made an important contribution to atomic physics, Russell-Saunders coupling (also known as LS coupling).” 天体物理前沿系列讲座 教师: 王挺贵 联系地址:理化大楼18005 电话:3607503 课程目的 了解天体物理的研究一些重要前沿方向 科学问题形成的背景,以及在学科中的地位 相关研究方法和研究手段 现在的研究状况 可能的发展前景 课堂的形式和考核标准 课堂讲座(2个学时)+课外讲座、讨论课 考核形式大家交一份课程的收获和体会 考核标准：课堂表现、参与讨论程度、课外讲座 提问加分