功能超强不定式.docVIP

功能超强不定式动词不定式在英语语法中是重要的板块之一，在中考及实际运用中都占有很大的比重。 在一个英语句子中有且只能有一个动词作为谓语出现，但要在一个句子中表达两个动作时，可以采动词不定式方式来表达。动词不定式是“to +动词原形” 构成的一种非谓语动词结构，有时to 可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独做谓语，但可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语或单独使用。不定式中的动词可以有它自己的宾语和状语，并和这些成分构成不定式短语，现将其用法简要归纳如下： 一、不定式做主语 英语中，可以把动词不定式直接放在句首做主语，但这种情况很少，多数情况是用it 做形式主语，把真正的主语――动词不定式放在句末，尤其是不定式短语较长时。当动词不定式在句子中做主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。带疑问词的不定式短语做主语时，常置于句首。动词不定式做主语，其位置有以下两种： 1.不定式置于句首。例如： To teach English is my happiness. 2.用it做形式主语，把真正的主语――不定式置于句末，常用于下列句式中。例如： ①It + be + 名词 + to do sth. Its our duty to make a contribution to protecting our environment. ②It takes sb. + some time + to do sth. It takes me five days to finish reading the book. ③It + be + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. It is very interesting for us to play games in our English class. ④It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth. It is very kind of you to help us. ⑤It seems + 形容词 + to do sth. It seems difficult to write the composition better than before. 注：以结构③为例，常用来表示客观情况的形容词有：interesting, popular, impossible, hard, important, easy, necessary， difficult 等；以结构④为例，常用clever, nice, foolish, good, careless, honest, kind, lazy, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。不定式前的sb.可看做其逻辑主语。这一句式相当于sb. + be + 形容词 + to do sth. ，如：Its kind of you to help us with the housework.=You are kind to help us with the housework. 二、不定式做宾语 宾语，是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者，可由不定式来担任。 1.以下动词可以接带to的动词不定式做宾语。如：hope, wish, would like, want, love, learn, decide, expect, pretend, prefer, know, agree, ask, choose...例如： I hope to go to college one day. He pretends to give me some advice. We all agreed to climb that hill that day. You can choose to write. My friend always wanted to do something new. 2.动词不定式可以和疑问代词或疑问副词what, which, when, where, how或介词结构 on等连用, 构成不定式复合结构，常用于tell, show, know, teach, learn, explain, remember, forget 等词后做宾语。（但是why后的不定式不带to。)例如： Did you know where to go? Can you tell me what to do next? It gives me a lot of advice on how to do it.