讲稿-电力市场-电自09-3-market for electrical energy.pdfVIP

3 Market for Electrical Energy 电能交易市场 Outline  introduction /引言  Open electrical energy markets /开放式电能 市场  The managed spot market /集中式现货市场  The settlement process/结算流程 Introduction Particularity of the energy/电能商 品的特殊性  Electrical energy is inextricably linked with the power system / 电能商品总是与电力系统 紧密相连  The power system functions much faster than any market /电力系统的传送速度远高于其他商品市场  Supply and demand-generation and load-must be balanced on a second-by-second basis /供应与需 求－发电与负荷－需要每时每刻都保持平衡 Particularity of the energy (cont.)  The power produced by all generators is pooled on its way to the loads /所有发电机的 出力会在系统内汇合到一起，并依照物理定律 流到各个电力用户  Pooling results in valuable economies /电能汇合 能实现相当的规模经济  A breakdown in a system affects everybody, not just the parties to a particular transaction / 电网如 果发生故障，将会波及所有市场成员，而不会只影 响到一些特定交易的参与者 Particularity of the energy (cont.)  The demand for electrical energy exhibits predictable daily and weekly cyclical variations / 电能需求会表现出可预测的循环波 动 The need for a managed spot market /集 中式现货市场存在的必要性  Errors and unpredictable events introduce gaps between load and generation /各种误差与不可预测 故障均有可能导致负荷与发电出现偏差  The actual demand of consumers is never exactly equal to the value forecasted /用户的实际负荷需求不会总是恰好等 于预测值  A sudden mechanical or electrical failure may force a unit to shut down or reduce its output/突发的机械或电气故障会 迫使机组关停或者降低其发电出力  Failure of transmission or/and distribution networks will affect the supply /输电、配电设备故障会影响供电量 The need for a managed spot market (cont.)  Deviation between generation and load must be bridged quickly and precisely to maintain the integrity of the power system为了保证电力系统的安 全运行，必须快速准确地消除发电与负荷间的偏差  In the current state of the technology, an open market