如何用英语写科研论文-《Writing-Up-Research》.docx

Writing Up Research Experimental Research Report Writing for Students of English Robert Weissberg, Suzanne Buker  CONTENTS PREFACE To the Teacher To the Student 1 THE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH REPORT 2 THE INTRODUCTION; Establishing a Context 3 THE INTRODUCTION: Reviewing Previous Research 4 THE INTRODUCTION: Advancing to Present Research 5 METHOD 6 MATERIALS 7 RESULTS 8 DISCUSSION 9 ABSTRACT CREDITS INDEX  PREFACE Writing Up Research is designed for high-intermediate and advanced ESL/EFL university students at the upper division or graduate level who are preparing to engage in scientific research in a variety of academic disciplines. For these students, the ability to write up the results of their own research in the form of technical reports, theses, dissertations, and even journal articles for publication is a key to their success as university students and as professionals in their own disciplines. Based on almost two decades of research in written English for science and technology, this book provides instruction and practice in this special area of academic writing. The English of an experimental research report is highly conventionalized, a fact that represents a great advantage for non-native speakers as well as for their language instructors. If one can master the conventions, one can replicate the genre in an acceptable form. Moreover, the conventions are fairly consistent across a wide variety of scientific disciplines. They involve (1) structuring arguments and (2) matching linguistic forms to rhetorical purposes. This involves the writers having to make a series of language choices. This text helps students to see what those choices are and to select the most appropriate - that is, the most conventional - option. Although this book deals with technical English, the instructional language is not technical. It is accessible to high-level students regardless of their fields of study. The book does, however, contain many authentic examples of technical Englis