复杂介质环境下承压设备主导损伤机制的判定及失效可能性分析.pdf

复杂介质环境下承压设备主导损伤机制的 判定与失效可能性分析 ,,, ( , 230031) : 2003年以来我们按美国石油协会API 581, API 571等标准, 在中国对承压设备开展了大量 的风险评 技术研究, 掌握了全国近 80家大型炼油厂化工厂及化肥厂的全部装置种类的在用承 压设备的风险分布情况,形成了符合中国国情的典型石化装置的失效树及基于风险检验的指导技 术文件但在风险评 实施过程中发现, 很多石化装置承压设备因腐蚀介质的多样性影响因素的 复杂性, 在实际运行中存在着多种失效模式失效机理的相互作用,这是现有的API 581标准所没 有考虑到的, 如果不能确定承压设备在实际服役环境中可能存在的主导失效模式和失效机理及次 要机制的影响因素, 得到的风险评 分析结果往往与实际情况存在较大差距在石化承压设备失 效事故调查分析风险评 与试验研究的基础上, 就石化工业若干典型复杂介质环境下承压设备多 种失效机制共同作用时主导机制的判定方法与次要机制的影响规律开展了研究, 针对API 581风 险评价中失效可能性计算方法提出了改进建议 :承压设备; 复杂腐蚀环境; 主导失效机制; 失效可能性 : X933 : A : 1001- 4837( 2010)06- 0052- 07 doi: 10. 3969/j. issn. 1001- 4837. 2010. 06. 011 AnalysisM ethod ofFailureLikelihood on Pressure Equipment with CombinedAction ofMulti- FailureMechanism AIZhi- bin, C EN Xue- dong, YANG Tie- cheng, U Jiu- shao (H efei eneralMachinery Research Institute, NationalTechnology Research Center on PVP Safety Engi neering, H efei230031, China) Abstract: Since 2003, H efei eneralMachinery Research Institute has conducted many risk based in spections (RBI) and analysis in China follow ing standardsofAPI 581, API571 etc. So far, the risk dis tributions of in- service pressure equipments have been recognized, including theirmajor failuremodes, failuremechanisms, failure likelihoods and failure consequence, and the involved pressure equipments cover allkinds ofunitsof about 80 large- scale oil refinery plants, chem icalplants and chem ical fertilizer plants. Thus, the corresponding failure trees of typicalunits and technicalguide documents of RBI have been formed, which arebasically suited to Chinese situation. However, it is found that combined actions ofmulti- failuremodes and mechanisms resulting from the diversity of corrosivemedium s and the com plexity of influencing factors do occur in petrochem ical pressure equipments during their actual operating : 863 ( 20