Protoctista原生生物界Fungi.PPT

Order of Classification Each kingdom (界) is split into smaller groups called phyla(門) (or called division in plants). Each phylum is further split into class (綱), order(目), family(科), genus (屬) and species (種) and so on. Such gradual division are listed below: Kingdom Phylum or Division Class Order Family Genus Species Diversity of Organisms Species (物種/種) - a group of similar organisms that can interbreed with one another (互相交配) to produce fertile offsprings (具生殖力的後代). The Binomial system of nomenclature (雙名法) Scientific name consists of two parts: Genus (屬) name + species (種) name e.g. Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens Zea mays or Zea mays Five kingdoms (界) Kingdom Prokaryotae (原核生物界) Kingdom Protoctista (原生生物界) Kingdom Fungi (真菌界) Kingdom Plantae (植物界) Kingdom animalia (動物界) Eukaryotae (真核生物) Phylogenetic relationships (演化關係) phylogeny (種系發生) common ancestor ? different group of organisms (共同祖先) (不同組別的生物) Kingdom Prokaryotae (原核生物界) Rod shaped bacterium (Bacillus)e.g. E. coli (大腸杆菌) Spherical (球), rod-shaped (桿), helical (螺旋) covered by slime layer / capsule (莢膜) Cell wall is made of protein (蛋白質) and carbohydrate (碳水化合物) - peptidoglycan) (?聚糖) Circular (環形) DNA Ribosome (核糖體) – for protein synthesis (用作合成蛋白質) Rod shaped bacterium (Bacillus)e.g. E. coli (大腸杆菌) Mesosome (間體) – for r______ to provide energy Flagellum (鞭毛) – for locomotion 移動 Prokaryotae VS Eukaryotae Eukaryotae (真核生物) Protoctista – Algae (藻) Notes P.3 - body photosynthetic thallus (葉狀體) -unicellular (單細胞), filamentous (絲狀的), colonial (群體的), thalloid (葉狀體) forms - aquatic (水生) - classification: based on colour of pigments (色素的顏色) Green algae – Spirogyra (水綿絲) Spirogyra (水綿絲) Green algae – Chlamydomon