菌物分类学研究中常见的物种概念.pdf

生物多样性 2016, 24 (9): 1020–1023 doi: 10.17520/biods.2016228 Biodiversity Science http: // •物种概念专题• 菌物分类学研究中常见的物种概念 1* 1,2 姚一建 李 熠 1 (中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室, 北京 100101) 2 (福建农林大学植物保护学院植物病毒研究所福建省植物病毒学重点实验室, 福州 350002) 摘要: 物种是生物多样性与分类学研究的基本单元, 物种识别是生物学研究的基本问题之一。物种的划分一直以 来都没有一个明确统一的标准, 这使得分类学多少带有主观的色彩, 并经常被看作艺术而不完全是科学的研究。 本文简要概述了菌物分类学研究中常见的3个物种概念, 即形态学种、生物学种和系统发育学种的背景和应用现 状, 并通过实例讨论了这3个物种概念的特点及应用中存在的问题, 特别是各个物种概念之间的交错, 以期为菌物 分类学研究和物种概念探讨提供参考。 关键词: 物种; 物种概念; 物种划分; 菌物 Species concepts commonly used in fungal taxonomy Yijian Yao1*, Yi Li1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 2 Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Ag- ricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002 Abstract: Both species concept and recognition are fundamental topics in the studies of taxonomy and bio- diversity, and also in biological researches. There has never been any unanimous and clear standard for spe- cies dilimitation and, thus, taxonomy has more or less been regarded as subjective and often seen as art rather than scientific research. The backgrounds and the current status of three commonly used species concepts, i.e. morphological, biological and phylogenetic species concepts, in the research of fungal taxonomy are briefly reviewed here. The application of the three species concepts are discussed with examples in fungal taxonomy, especially on interlaces and incongruences betw