26 Equations for Motion with Constant （26日的运动方程常数）.pdf

Answer to Essential Question 2.5 : The position-versus-time graph is not a straight line, because the slope of such a graph is the velocity. The fact that the bus’ velocity increases linearly with time means the slope of the position-versus-time graph also increases linearly with time. This actually describes a parabola, which we will investigate further in the next section. 2-6 Equations for Motion with Constant Acceleration In many situations, we will analyze motion using a model in which we assume the acceleration to be constant. Let’s derive some equations that we can apply in such situations. In general, at some initial time , the object has an initial position and an initial velocity of , while at some (usually later) time t, the object’s position is and its velocity is . Acceleration is related to velocity the same way velocity is related to position, so we can follow a procedure similar to that at the end of Section 2-3 to derive an equation for velocity. Substitute for in the rearrangement of Equation 2.8, . This gives: . Generally, we define the initial time to be zero: . Remove the “f” subscripts to make the equation as general as possible: . We also generally remove the vector symbols, although we must be careful to include signs. . (Equation 2.9: Velocity for constant-acceleration motion) A second equation comes from the definition of average velocity (Equation 2.2): Average velocity = . If the acceleration is constant the average velocity is simply the average of the initial and final velocities. This gives, after again dropping the vector symbols: . (Equation 2.10: Connecting average velocity and displacement) Equation 2.10 i