Electrochemistry - Berkeley City College（电化学-伯克利城市学院）.pptVIP

Electrochemistry 18.1 Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 18.2 Galvanic Cells 18.3 Standard Reduction Potentials 18.4 Cell Potential, Electrical Work, and Free Energy 18.5 Dependence of Cell Potential on Concentration 18.6 Batteries 18.7 Corrosion 18.8 Electrolysis 18.9 Commercial Electrolytic Processes Redox Reactions Examples of Redox Reactions: Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) ? ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s); Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) ? Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) ? CuSO4(aq) + 2Ag(s); Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) ? Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) MnO4-(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) + 8H+(aq) ? Mn2+(aq) + 5Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O Balancing Redox Equations Review of Terms: Oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction – involves a transfer of electrons from the reducing agent to the oxidizing agent Oxidation – loss of electrons Reduction – gain of electrons Reducing agent – electron donor Oxidizing agent – electron acceptor Balancing Redox Equations Half–Reactions Method: The overall reaction is split into two half–reactions, one involving oxidation and one reduction. 8H+ + MnO4? + 5Fe2+ ? Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O Reduction: 8H+ + MnO4? + 5e? ? Mn2+ + 4H2O Oxidation: 5Fe2+ ? 5Fe3+ + 5e? Balancing Redox Equations The Half–Reaction Method for Balancing Equations for Oxidation–Reduction Reactions Occurring in Acidic Solution Write separate equations for the oxidation and reduction half–reactions. For each half–reaction: Balance all the elements except H and O. Balance O using H2O. Balance H using H+. Balance the charge using electrons. Balancing Redox Equations:The Half-Reaction Method Write separate equations for oxidation and reduction half–reactions. For each half–reaction: Balance all the elements except H and O. Balance O using H2O. Balance H using H+. Balance the charge using electrons. If necessary, multiply one or both balanced half–reactions by an integer to make the number of electrons in both half–reactions equal. Add half–reactions and cancel identical species. Balancing Redox Equat