Chapter2 Pharmacokinetics课件.ppt

Chapter 2 Pharmacokinetics;Pharmacokinetics;Part 1Transmembrane transport of drugs;;The structure of cell membrane？ How to transport it？;Transmembrane transport;Passive transport (down hill movement);Affecting factors : the size of molecule lipid solubility polarity degree of ionization the PH of the environment such as: fluid of body fluid in cell blood, urine;Generally speaking The drugs which are Unionized, low polarity and higher lipid solubility are easy to permeate membrane. The drugs which are ionized, high polarity and lower lipid solubility are difficult to permeate membrane.;Effect of the environment PH on drug transportation;For acids：;For bases：;When the pH is different from the intracellular and extracellular membrane and the passive transport of weak acid/base drugs are in the balance, the drug concentration of intracellular and extracellular membrane are compared as below：;;When the pH of the intracellular and extracellular are not equal, the total concentration of the drug in the two sides of membrane are given by the equation as below:;The other forms of passive transport;Active transport;The conditions which need active transport;Diffusion;Diffusion;Diffusion;Diffusion;Diffusion;Diffusion;Diffusion;The processes of drugs（ADME）;Pharmacokinetics ;The disposition to drugs by living systems can be divided into four related duration: 吸收（Absorption） 分布（Distribution） 代谢（Metabolism） 排泄（Excretion）; Absorption is the transfer of a drug from its site of administration to the blood stream.;Factors affecting absorption:;Enteral administration Oral Sublingual Rectal;Oral administration  First Pass Elimination (首关消除,首关代谢，首关效应）;FIRST PASS ELIMINATION Metabolism in the liver;Sublingual Administration (硝酸甘油);;Parenteral Inhalation 注射给药 静脉内 intravenous (IV) 肌内 intramuscular (IM) 皮下 subcutaneous (SC) other：intranasal(经鼻给药), intrave